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Geographies of asylum, welfare, and the state at the margins

庇护、福利和边缘国家的地理分布

基本信息

批准号：
ES/X006433/1
负责人：
Alistair Sheldrick
金额：
$ 13.87万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX006433%2F1
关键词：
Geographies asylum welfare state margins

项目摘要

Over the past decade, the UK's asylum and welfare systems have both been transformed by major organisational changes, funding cuts, and privatisations. Asylum seeker dispersals and the impacts of welfare austerity have become increasingly concentrated in already-impoverished, marginal urban areas. Yet despite these parallels, academic analysis and commentary has tended to consider welfare and border regimes in isolation. My doctoral research addresses this gap by developing an empirically rich, geographical understanding of the everyday practices, performances, and lived experiences of governance that non-citizens and citizens negotiate at the margins.My thesis was based on a year-long ethnographic study conducted at two charity drop-in centres in Rochdale, Greater Manchester: one serving migrant communities, the other non-migrant clientele. Here I was able to detail the parallels and intersections between asylum and welfare governance, observing how both asylum and welfare claimants are subject to analogous disciplinary expressions of sovereign power and systematic exposure to poverty and destitution. I found this hostility to be enabled by the outsourcing of asylum and welfare 'services' to non-governmental actors and the institutionalised 'moral distance' (Gill, 2016) of such bureaucratic arrangements. Additionally, I detail how such hostility and distance is shaped by various 'technical devices' (Barry, 2001; Darling, 2014) and increasing with digitisation. Finally, my thesis draws attention to the everyday acts of solidarity and connection that exist across asylum and welfare systems. By deconstructing statist categorizations of citizenship, the thesis ultimately engages both with critical theories of the state (Mitchell, 1991; Painter, 2006; Jessop, 2016) and literature on the state-led division of populations (Tyler, 2013; Anderson, 2013) to scrutinise boundaries drawn according to immigration status.As the governance of different marginalized groups appears to converge, this thesis asks what the implications of this are for the people and places most-affected by these developments. With a specific concern for the emerging asylum-austerity nexus absent in both political and academic debate, my thesis offers an original scholarly contribution; exploring the diffuse governmental practices and lived experiences that constitute these systems, their intersections, and the state. My work seeks to better understand what happens when the lives of peopled divided by governmental status, but united by marginalization and shared space, meet. Continued relevance of researchI believe that my research remains pertinent for several reasons. Firstly, with the UK potentially on the brink of a cost-of-living crisis for its poorest residents, benefits claimants and asylum seekers alike are set to face increasing hardship as charities face potentially unprecedented demand for their services. Additionally, Universal Credit claimants are once again being targeted by threats of new sanctions as the government seeks to address labour shortages by accelerating a return to work for the unemployed. Meanwhile, as the current government's Nationality and Borders Bill threatens the UK's asylum system with significant upheaval, potentially even halting the reception of asylum seekers in UK territory altogether. This is all taking place during a time in which ongoing conflicts on different continents mean an increase in refugee arrivals to the UK is likely; with this either taking place informally or through government organised programmes (such as the current Afghan citizens resettlement scheme).The fellowship would provide me with the opportunity to enhance the contributions of my PhD research by publishing and disseminating my work to a wider audience, whilst also allowing me to contribute to the scholarly output of the department.

在过去的十年中，英国的庇护和福利制度都发生了重大的组织变化，资金削减和私有化。寻求庇护者的分散和福利紧缩的影响越来越集中在已经贫困的边缘城市地区。然而，尽管有这些相似之处，学术分析和评论往往孤立地考虑福利和边境制度。我的博士研究通过对非公民和公民在边缘进行谈判的日常实践、表现和生活经验的丰富的经验和地理理解来解决这一差距。我的论文是基于在罗奇代尔的两个慈善机构中进行的为期一年的人种学研究，大曼彻斯特：一个服务于移民社区，另一个为非移民客户。在这里，我能够详细说明庇护和福利治理之间的相似之处和交叉点，观察庇护和福利申请人如何受到类似的主权权力和系统性暴露于贫困和绝望的纪律表达。我发现这种敌意是由于将庇护和福利“服务”外包给非政府行为者以及这种官僚安排的制度化“道德距离”（吉尔，2016）。此外，我还详细介绍了这种敌意和距离是如何被各种“技术设备”塑造的（巴里，2001;达林，2014），并随着数字化而增加。最后，我的论文提请注意的团结和连接，存在于整个庇护和福利系统的日常行为。通过解构国家主义的公民身份分类，本文最终与国家的批判理论相结合（Mitchell，1991; Painter，2006; Painop，2016）和关于国家主导的人口划分的文献（泰勒，2013年;安德森，2013年），以审查根据移民身份划定的边界。随着不同边缘化群体的治理似乎趋同，本文探讨的是，这对受这些事态发展影响最大的人和地方有何影响。随着政治和学术辩论中缺乏的新兴庇护紧缩关系的具体关注，我的论文提供了一个原始的学术贡献;探索构成这些系统，它们的交叉点和国家的分散的政府实践和生活经验。我的工作旨在更好地理解当人们的生活因政府地位而分裂，但因边缘化和共享空间而团结在一起时会发生什么。研究的持续相关性我相信我的研究仍然是相关的，原因有几个。首先，由于英国最贫困居民的生活成本可能处于危机的边缘，福利申请人和寻求庇护者都将面临越来越大的困难，因为慈善机构可能面临前所未有的服务需求。此外，由于政府试图通过加快失业者重返工作岗位来解决劳动力短缺问题，通用信贷索赔人再次成为新制裁威胁的目标。与此同时，由于现任政府的《国籍和边境法案》威胁到英国的庇护制度，可能会发生重大动荡，甚至可能完全停止在英国领土上接收寻求庇护者。这一切都发生在不同大陆持续不断的冲突意味着抵达英国的难民可能增加的时候;这些活动或者是非正式地进行，或者是通过政府组织的方案进行，（如目前的阿富汗公民重新安置计划）。奖学金将为我提供机会，通过出版和传播我的工作，以提高我的博士研究的贡献，更广泛的受众，同时也让我为系里的学术成果做出贡献。