(Re)assessing the risk agenda: Exploring social discourses of risk and tailoring measures to reduce injury risk in recreational adolescent runners.

在全球范围内，跑步是儿童和青少年最受欢迎的体育活动之一[1]。在英格兰，新冠肺炎大流行导致5-16岁青少年参加跑步、体育和多种运动的患病率增加了4.5%[2]。考虑到参与跑步与成年人的许多健康益处相关[3]，儿童和青少年的参与程度增加可以被认为是一种积极的发展。然而，参与也与伤害等不良后果有关[4]。例如，我在博士学位上的一项关键发现表明，竞技青少年跑步者的损伤发生率为每1000小时25.0[5]。反过来，受伤可能会降低当前和未来的体力活动水平。尽管伤害率如此之高，但这一问题很少受到政策制定者的关注。与运动相关的伤害很少被视为公共卫生问题，尽管在社会生活的其他领域(例如，工作)中类似的伤害率几乎肯定会受到关注[7]。考虑到上述说法，难道不需要有一个协调的社会议程来减少竞技和娱乐青少年跑步者的伤害风险--作为一项基本的注意义务吗？这样的议程可能会在整个生命过程中改善与健康相关的生活质量。建立这样一个议程的一个可能的方法--作为我博士学位的延伸--是探索与风险的社会话语相关的这个问题[8]。简而言之，这意味着研究青少年跑步者如何经历和理解与跑步相关的伤害，以及如何在体育与健康科学领域传播伤害风险。这背后的广泛想法是寻求不依赖于使用风险的技术客观主义定义的伤害风险的替代方法[9]，该定义将风险定位为对事件的可量化估计[10]。反过来，这将有助于确保针对青少年跑步者的降低风险措施考虑到社会文化和个人方法。为了解决这些问题，这个ESRC博士后奖学金将使我能够完成以下活动：(1)写一篇新颖的理论文章，探索如何将现有的风险社会学理论应用于体育与健康科学领域，并完成一项定性研究的数据收集，调查青少年跑步者如何理解和管理他们的人身伤害风险。(2)使用我在博士期间开发的纵向数据集发表两篇文章。第一篇文章将研究损伤是否会影响竞技青少年跑步者的心理情绪状态。第二项研究将探讨持续非时间损失伤害是否会影响随后的时间损失伤害风险。这些文章将提高我们对跑步者如何更好地管理损伤和保持健康的了解。(3)提供一系列利益相关者研讨会，为休闲青少年跑步者量身定做先前存在的(如我在博士期间为竞技跑步者制定的)减少伤害风险措施的内容和形式。这些活动的完成，加上怀亚特教授的指导和参加相关培训课程，也将使我能够起草一份奖学金提案，以评估在实践中对休闲青少年跑步者应用减少伤害风险措施的有效性。为了补充这些活动，我还将利用这一奖学金将我的研究成果传达给不同的受众。这将包括参加两次学术会议，出版两份非学术成果，并委托制作一幅与减少伤害风险措施有关的数字故事板插图。我还将建立网络，以发展合作和影响机会，包括对阿姆斯特丹体育健康和安全合作组织的机构访问，并主持与主要外部组织(如英格兰田径)的会议。

Globally, running is one of the most popular physical activities among children and adolescents [1]. In England, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a 4.5% increase in the prevalence of 5 to 16 year olds taking part in running, athletics, and multi-sports [2]. Given that participation in running is related to many health benefits in adults [3], increased participation levels in children and adolescents can be considered a positive development. However, participation is also related to adverse outcomes, such as injury [4]. For example, a key finding from my PhD showed that the incidence of injury in competitive adolescent runners was 25.0 per 1,000 hours of exposure [5]. In turn, sustaining an injury may reduce current and future physical activity levels [6]. Despite such a high injury rate, this problem rarely receives attention from policymakers. Sport-related injury is rarely viewed as a public health issue, despite similar injury rates in other areas of social life (e.g., work) being almost certain to receive attention [7].With the above statement in mind, does there not need to be a coordinated and societal agenda to reduce the risk of injury in competitive and recreational adolescent runners - as a fundamental duty of care? Such an agenda would likely improve health-related quality of life across the life course.One possible way to establish such an agenda - as an extension of my PhD - is to explore this problem in relation to social discourses of risk [8]. In short, this means studying how running-related injury is experienced and understood by adolescent runners and how injury risk is (and could be) communicated in the field of Sport and Health Sciences. The broad idea behind this is to seek alternative ways of framing injury risk that do not depend on using a technical-objectivist definition of risk [9], which situates risk as a quantifiable estimate of events [10]. In turn, this will help to ensure that risk reduction measures for adolescent runners accounts for socio-cultural and individual approaches. To address these points, this ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship will enable me to complete the following activities:(1) Write a novel theoretical article exploring how existing sociological theories of risk can be applied to the field of Sport and Health Sciences, in addition to completing data collection for a qualitative study investigating how adolescent runners understand and manage their personal injury risk.(2) Use a longitudinal dataset that I developed during my PhD to publish two articles. The first article will examine whether injury affects the psychological mood states of competitive adolescent runners. The second will explore if sustaining a non-time loss injury affects the subsequent time loss injury risk. These articles will improve our knowledge on how runners can best manage injury and maintain health.(3) Deliver a series of stakeholder workshops to tailor the content and form of pre-existing (as developed for competitive runners during my PhD) injury risk reduction measures for recreational adolescent runners.The completion of these activities, combined with the mentorship of Prof. Wyatt and attendance to a relevant training course, will also allow me to draft a Fellowship proposal to evaluate the effectiveness of applying injury risk reduction measures for recreational adolescent runners in practice.To complement these activities, I will also use this Fellowship to communicate my research findings to a diverse set of audiences. This will include attending two academic conferences, publishing two non-academic outputs, and commissioning a digital storyboard illustration related to the injury risk-reduction measures. I will also build networks to develop collaboration and impact opportunities, including an institutional visit to the Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sport and hosting meetings with key external organisations (e.g., England Athletics).