Modulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and biofilm formation by specific biomaterial surfaces

药吗？近几十年来的巨大进步与越来越多地使用生物材料植入物，即植入患者体内的人工装置密切相关。组织，如某些类型的导管（或大？滴水？）在血管、人造关节和心脏瓣膜、心脏起搏器、人工眼内透镜和大脑分流器中。感染是使用这种装置的主要并发症，导致受影响的患者的严重痛苦和死亡，以及卫生保健系统和整个社会的巨大成本。一旦设备被感染，就很难根除感染，并且通常必须再次移除设备，并进行进一步的程序来替换它们。在某些情况下，更换程序以及感染本身对患者具有非常高的风险。引起这些感染最常见的生物体，即表皮葡萄球菌，已经从罕见的默默无闻的病原体上升为与MRSA、艰难梭菌和其他抗生素耐药生物体一致的卫生保健相关感染的五个主要原因之一。表皮葡萄球菌具有粘附或定殖于生物材料表面的特定倾向。更好地了解这种细菌与生物材料表面的相互作用，以及在过程中生物体性质的变化是迫切需要的。我们最近发现，不同的生物材料以可测量的不同方式增强细菌定殖所涉及的机制的表达。我们试图更好地了解这些过程，这可能会导致合理的开发和评估的生物材料不易于殖民和感染。通过这些新的发展，生物材料相关感染的数量仅减少了百分之几，就可以防止成千上万的患者遭受不必要的能力丧失和痛苦，更不用说节省了大量的成本。

Medicine?s tremendous progress in recent decades is closely linked to the ever increasing use of biomaterial implants, that is, artificial devices which are implanted into patients? tissues, such as some types of catheters (or large ?drips?) in blood vessels, artificial joints and heart valves, cardiac pacemakers, artificial intraocular lenses, and shunts in the brain. Infection is a major complication of the use of such devices causing major suffering and mortality for the affected patients, and significant costs for the health care system and society in general. Once the devices become infected it is very difficult to eradicate the infection, and often the devices must be removed again, and further procedures undertaken to replace them. In some cases replacement procedures, as well as the infection itself, carries very high risks to the patient. The organism causing these infections most frequently, namely, Staphylococcus epidermidis, has risen from rare obscurity as a pathogen to be one of the five major causes of health-care associated infection in line with MRSA, Clostridium difficile, and other antibiotic resistant organisms. Staphylococcus epidermidis has a particular propensity to adhere to, or colonise, biomaterial surfaces. Better understanding of the interaction of this bacterium with biomaterial surfaces, and the changes in the properties of the organisms during process is urgently needed. We have recently found that different biomaterials enhance expression of the mechanisms involved in bacterial colonisation in measurably different ways. We seek to better understand these processes, which may lead to the rational development and evaluation of biomaterials less prone to colonisation and infection. The reduction of the number of biomaterial-related infections through these new developments by only a few percent could prevent unnecessary incapacity and sufferings for thousands of patients, not to mention large cost savings.