HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINES

B型流感嗜血杆菌是细菌性脑膜炎的主要致病因素。 婴幼儿败血症的主要原因是败血症、败血症和关节炎 肺炎和会厌炎。6A型肺炎球菌是引起肺炎的主要原因 中耳炎和最常见的引起脑膜炎的肺炎球菌类型和 肺炎。抗囊抗体是保护性的；它们的诱导是由 提纯的胶囊多糖因两者的劣势而受阻 年轻年龄组的免疫原性和缺乏无名氏反应。在……里面 相比之下，由这些多糖组成的结合物共价结合到 破伤风类毒素在实验室小鼠和幼年恒河猴中具有免疫原性；这 进一步的注射可能会促进反应。同时注射 使用破伤风类毒素或DTP的两种佐剂均可增强对 两种多糖都是。成年志愿者在3周内接种2次疫苗 与b型流感嗜血杆菌结合物组成的区间，紧密 相关大肠杆菌K100或Pn6A多糖与破伤风类毒素 方案如下：第1组：Hib-TT，50毫克/剂；第2组：Pn6A TT，50 3组：Hib-TT，50Mug+Pn6A TT，50Mug；4组：Hib-TT，50 MUG+K100-TT，50Mug；5组：Hib-TT，100Mug。局部性和系统性 大约一半的接种者在第一次接种后观察到了反应。 免疫，特别是在接受100毫克剂量的组。不是 出现了严重的反应。第三、四、三、四组分别给予50克Hib TT。 第2次免疫5只。用放射免疫法和放射免疫分析法检测抗体反应 ELISA法显示，95%以上的人抗体水平显著上升 志愿者们。Hib抗体增加180倍，Pn6A：7倍，TT 10-20折。大多数志愿者的最大反应出现在1号之后 注射，第2次后无助推反应。找不到任何关系 在免疫前水平到疫苗成分之间，或者是 抗体会引起疫苗的副作用。同种异型和 结合物诱导的Hib抗体的生物学活性已被 分析并与单独用多糖诱导的结果进行比较。

Haemophilus influenzae type b is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children and a major cause of septicemia, septic arthritis pneumonia and epiglottitis. Pneumococcus type 6A is a major cause of otitis media and the most frequent pneumococcal type causing meningitis and pneumonia. Anticapsular antibodies are protective; their induction by purified capsular polysaccharide is hampered by both their poor immunogenicity in the young age group and lack of anamestic response. In contrast, conjugates composed of these polysaccharides covalently bound to tetanus toxoid were immunogenic in laboratory mice and infant rhesus; this response could be boosted by further injections. Simultaneous injections of both cojugates with tetanus toxoid or with DTP enhanced the response to both polysaccharides. Adult volunteers were immunized 2 times at 3 week intervals with conjugates composed of H. influenzae type b, the closely related E. coli K100 or Pn6A polysaccharides and tetanus toxoid in the following schedule: Group 1: Hib-TT, 50 Mug/dose; Group 2: Pn6A TT, 50 Mug/dose; Group 3: Hib-TT, 50 Mug + Pn6A TT, 50 Mug; Group 4: Hib-TT, 50 Mug + K100-TT, 50 Mug; Group 5: Hib-TT, 100 Mug. Local and systemic reactions were noted in about half of the vaccinees following the first immunization, especially in the groups that received the 100 Mug dose. No serious reactions occurred. 50 Mug Hib TT alone was given to grops 3, 4, and 5 for the 2nd immunization. The antibody responses, assayed by RIA and ELISA, showed marked increases in antibody levles in greater than 95% of the volunteers. Hib antibodies increased 180 fold, Pn6A: 7 fold, and TT 10-20 fold. A maximal response occurred in most volunteers after the 1st injection, with no booster response after the 2nd. No relation was found between the preimmune levels to the vaccine components or the rate of antibody rise to the side effects of the vaccines. The isotype and biological activities of the conjugate-induced Hib antibodies have been analyzed and compared to those induced by the polysaccharide alone.