Sodium reduction in Malawi

马拉维的钠减少

• 批准号: MC_PC_13082
• 负责人: Moffat Nyirenda
• 金额: $ 17.8万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Intramural
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MC_PC_13082
• 关键词: Sodium; reduction; Malawi

High blood pressure (hypertension) and its complications (such stroke and heart disease) cause significantdisability and mortality, particularly in SSA where more than 25% of the adult population have the condition.Excessive salt intake is a major contributor, and the UN has recognised salt reduction as a “best-buy” intervention to prevent heart disease and stroke. There is much research on reducing salt intake in high-income countries, but little data on how this can be achieved in SSA. Different approaches are necessary, because, unlike developed countries where most salt consumed is from processed food (and interventions have targeted the food industry and policy regulations), in low-income Africa, most salt intake is from cooking at home and added to the plate. This, and profound cultural connotations attached to salt in African societies, will have to be addressed in successful interventions.Our work in Malawi shows that hypertension is common, and salt consumption very high. In both rural and urban areas; the majority of salt consumption is at home. Building on this information and our research platform, we will partner Ministries of Health and Nutrition to design and test interventions to reduce salt consumption, blood pressure and hypertensive complications. We will conduct preparatory activities to enable us to develop successfully cost-effective interventions that are appropriate for the community and sustainable. Initial steps willinclude assessing community acceptability of potential interventions, the size of population required to accurately test the effect of the intervention and what tools will be necessary to evaluate its success.

高血压及其并发症（如中风和心脏病）会导致严重的残疾和死亡，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，那里有超过25%的成年人患有这种疾病。过量的盐摄入是一个主要原因，联合国已将减少盐摄入量视为预防心脏病和中风的“最佳”干预措施。关于在高收入国家减少盐摄入量的研究很多，但关于如何在撒哈拉以南非洲实现这一目标的数据很少。必须采取不同的方法，因为与发达国家不同，在发达国家，人们消费的盐大多来自加工食品（干预措施针对食品工业和政策法规），而在低收入非洲，人们摄入的盐大多来自家庭烹饪和添加到盘子里。成功的干预措施必须解决这一问题以及非洲社会中盐的深刻文化内涵，我们在马拉维的工作表明，高血压很常见，盐的消费量很高。在农村和城市地区，大部分食盐消费都在家里。基于这些信息和我们的研究平台，我们将与卫生部和营养部合作，设计和测试干预措施，以减少盐的消耗，血压和高血压并发症。我们将开展筹备活动，使我们能够成功地制定适合社区和可持续的成本效益干预措施。最初的步骤将包括评估社区对潜在干预措施的接受程度，准确测试干预措施效果所需的人口规模以及评估其成功所需的工具。