Population differences in vaccine response (POPVAC)-2: the impact of environmental exposures and selected interventions on waning of vaccine-induced immune responses

疫苗反应的人群差异 (POPVAC)-2：环境暴露和选定的干预措施对疫苗诱导的免疫反应减弱的影响

• 批准号: MC_PC_21034
• 负责人: Alison Elliott
• 金额: $ 25.48万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Intramural
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MC_PC_21034
• 关键词: Population; differences; vaccine; response; POPVAC

"Vaccines are a key weapon against infectious diseases which continue to have major detrimental impacts on health and development in in low-income countries (LICs). However, the effectiveness of some vaccines is reduced in tropical LICs and in rural vs urban settings. For example, the TB vaccine, BCG, provides 80% protection in some temperate countries, but 0% in some tropical settings. A potential explanation for this phenomena includes exposure to parasites so to further understanding we will compare the vaccine responses for Ugandan adolescents among three groups: (1) urban-dwellers participating in our Entebbe Mother and Baby Study birth cohort who have low parasite exposure; (2) island communities where over 80% have schistosomiasis (a parasitic worm infection); (3) rural communities with high malaria exposure, where over 50% of school-children unknowingly have malaria. We will also look at how parasitic infections interact with other viral or bacterial infections (“transkingdom” effects) and how these indirect effects impact the immune system. Finally, we will use statistical approaches to explore how the urban-rural environment, parasites, ""transkingdom"" effects and immune responses interrelate to determine vaccine responses. This fundamental information will contribute to the development of suitable vaccines for populations living in tropical LIC settings and inform public health policy to improve effectiveness of vaccine programmes."

“疫苗是预防传染病的关键武器，传染病继续对低收入国家的健康和发展产生重大不利影响。然而，一些疫苗在热带低收入国家和农村与城市环境中的有效性有所降低。例如，结核病疫苗卡介苗在一些温带国家提供80%的保护，但在一些热带国家提供0%的保护。对这一现象的一个潜在解释包括接触寄生虫，因此为了进一步了解，我们将比较乌干达青少年在三组中的疫苗反应：(1)参加我们的恩德培母婴研究出生队列的城市居民，他们的寄生虫接触率低；(2) 80%以上血吸虫病（一种寄生虫感染）的岛屿社区；(3)疟疾暴露率高的农村社区，超过50%的学龄儿童在不知情的情况下感染了疟疾。我们还将研究寄生虫感染如何与其他病毒或细菌感染相互作用（“跨王国”效应），以及这些间接效应如何影响免疫系统。最后，我们将使用统计方法来探讨城乡环境、寄生虫、“跨王国”效应和免疫反应如何相互关联，以确定疫苗反应。这一基本信息将有助于为生活在热带低收入国家的人口开发合适的疫苗，并为公共卫生政策提供信息，以提高疫苗规划的有效性。”

项目成果

Does Schistosome or Malaria Exposure Contribute to Urban-Rural Differences in Vaccine Responses in Uganda? A Causal Mediation Analysis Using Data from Three Linked Randomised Controlled Trials

血吸虫或疟疾暴露是否会导致乌干达疫苗反应的城乡差异？

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4667587
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Natukunda A

The Effect of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria with Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine on Vaccine-Specific Responses Among Schoolchildren in Rural Uganda: Results of the POPVAC B Randomised, Controlled Trial

双氢青蒿素-哌喹间歇性预防性治疗疟疾对乌干达农村学童疫苗特异性反应的影响：POPVAC B 随机对照试验的结果

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4667621
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Zirimenya L

The Effect of Intensive Praziquantel Treatment on Vaccine-Specific Responses Among Schoolchildren in Ugandan Schistosomiasis-Endemic Islands: Results of the Popvac a Randomised, Controlled Trial

吡喹酮强化治疗对乌干达血吸虫病流行岛屿学童疫苗特异性反应的影响：Popvac 随机对照试验的结果

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4667594
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Nkurunungi G

The Effect of Bcg Revaccination on the Response to Unrelated Vaccines in Urban Ugandan Adolescents: Results of the Popvac C Randomised, Controlled Trial

卡介苗重新接种对乌干达城市青少年对无关疫苗反应的影响：Popvac C 随机对照试验的结果

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4667592
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Nassuuna J