The effect of ethnic density on psychosis incidence

种族密度对精神病发病率的影响

• 批准号: MR/K021494/1
• 负责人: Peter Schofield
• 金额: $ 50.54万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FK021494%2F1
• 关键词: effect; ethnic; density; psychosis; incidence

Members of some ethnic groups have a higher than usual risk of developing a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Some studies have linked this to how isolated people from some ethnic groups are, so that, for example, black people living in mostly white areas may be more at risk. This has been termed the ethnic density effect. Because these are relatively uncommon diseases it has been difficult to look at any more than one, very crudely defined, ethnic group at a time. Using a very large collection psychiatric records I will be able to compare the experiences of a wide range of ethnic groups and look in more detail at what might be causing this ethnic density effect. It has also been suggested that this effect may be much more relevant to some types of severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, than others. By accessing such a large collection of health records I will be able to address this question in more detail than has been possible before.The study will look at how living in a particular type of area can effect one's mental health. This is particularly difficult to research as it is hard to identify the relevant neighbourhood when looking at patient records. Typically studies have relied on the address where someone was living when they were first diagnosed. However, people with a mental illness often change address as they become ill, making it difficult to establish which area is relevant. A number of researchers looking at this problem have concluded that, for research to progress, better methods are needed to assess neighbourhoods effects. The psychiatric records that I will use in this study include information about the areas where patients have lived at different times in their life. This, along with further detailed information about each patient's life history, will allow me for the first time to look much more carefully at how living in a particular neighbourhood may affect someone's mental health. To find out more about this from the patient's perspective I will also interview people who have suffered a severe mental illness, chosen from ethnic groups and neighbourhoods that most clearly show this ethnic density effect. The results of these interviews will then be used to guide the analysis of patient records that will make up the main part of the study. It has also been argued that, as this is an international phenomena, it is important that studies compare results in more than one country. Therefore I will also do a similar study using health records for patients in the Utrecht region in Holland to see how a different context changes the study results. The study is intended to find out more about what is causing this increased risk in some ethnic groups. The results of this research will therefore have the potential to help prevent this occurring in the future. By finding out more about what is happening in these groups the study will add to what is generally known about the causes of these diseases and ultimately help inform future treatments and preventative measures.

一些民族的成员患严重精神疾病的风险比平时更高，如精神分裂症或双相情感障碍。一些研究将这与某些种族群体的孤立程度联系在一起，因此，例如，生活在以白人为主的地区的黑人可能面临更大的风险。这被称为种族密度效应。由于这些疾病相对不常见，因此很难一次只观察一个非常粗略的种族群体。使用大量的精神病学记录，我将能够比较广泛的种族群体的经历，并更详细地研究可能导致这种种族密度效应的原因。也有人提出，这种效应可能与某些类型的严重精神疾病，如精神分裂症，比其他类型的更相关。通过访问如此大量的健康记录，我将能够比以前更详细地解决这个问题。这项研究将着眼于生活在特定类型的地区如何影响一个人的心理健康。这一点特别难研究，因为在查看患者记录时很难识别相关的邻居。通常情况下，研究依赖于一个人第一次被诊断时的居住地址。然而，患有精神疾病的人经常在生病时改变地址，这使得很难确定哪个地区是相关的。许多研究这一问题的研究人员得出的结论是，为了使研究取得进展，需要更好的方法来评估社区影响。我将在这项研究中使用的精神病学记录包括有关患者一生中不同时期生活过的领域的信息。这一点，再加上有关每个患者生活史的更详细信息，将使我第一次能够更仔细地研究生活在特定社区可能会如何影响某人的心理健康。为了从患者的角度更多地了解这一点，我还将采访患有严重精神疾病的人，他们是从最明显地显示这种种族密度效应的民族和社区中挑选出来的。这些访谈的结果将被用来指导对患者记录的分析，这将成为研究的主要部分。也有人认为，由于这是一种国际现象，重要的是在多个国家进行研究结果的比较。因此，我还将利用荷兰乌得勒支地区患者的健康记录进行类似的研究，看看不同的背景如何改变研究结果。这项研究旨在找出更多关于是什么导致某些民族风险增加的问题。因此，这项研究的结果将有可能帮助防止这种情况在未来发生。通过更多地了解这些群体中正在发生的事情，这项研究将增加人们对这些疾病原因的普遍了解，并最终有助于为未来的治疗和预防措施提供信息。

项目成果

Ethnic differences in smoking intensity and COPD risk: an observational study in primary care.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41533-017-0052-8
• 发表时间: 2017-09-04
• 期刊: NPJ primary care respiratory medicine
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Gilkes A;Hull S;Durbaba S;Schofield P;Ashworth M;Mathur R;White P
• 通讯作者: White P

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with severe mental illness: inequalities by ethnicity and age. Cross-sectional analysis of 588 408 records from the UK.

• DOI: 10.1111/dme.13298
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
• 作者: Das-Munshi J;Ashworth M;Dewey ME;Gaughran F;Hull S;Morgan C;Nazroo J;Petersen I;Schofield P;Stewart R;Thornicroft G;Prince MJ
• 通讯作者: Prince MJ

Ethnicity and cardiovascular health inequalities in people with severe mental illnesses: protocol for the E-CHASM study.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1185-8
• 发表时间: 2016-04
• 期刊: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Das-Munshi J;Ashworth M;Gaughran F;Hull S;Morgan C;Nazroo J;Roberts A;Rose D;Schofield P;Stewart R;Thornicroft G;Prince MJ
• 通讯作者: Prince MJ

Does COPD risk vary by ethnicity? A retrospective cross-sectional study.

• DOI: 10.2147/copd.s96391
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Gilkes A;Ashworth M;Schofield P;Harries TH;Durbaba S;Weston C;White P
• 通讯作者: White P