GMI_ALC: Developing a teacher training programme for a Group Motivational Interviewing intervention to prevent alcohol misuse in secondary schools

鼓励年轻人养成健康的生活习惯，减少不健康或危险的行为，对于改善整个生命过程中的健康非常重要。研究表明，青少年时期饮酒会影响到成年后期，因此可能会增加对健康造成长期危害的可能性。虽然在过去十年中，青少年酒精的使用有所减少，但防止年轻人开始使用酒精和减少现有的酒精使用仍然是公共卫生的优先事项。青少年在13岁时就开始尝试饮酒，因此需要在青少年时期采取干预措施减少饮酒。在中学，青少年通常接受某种形式的个人和社会教育，向他们提供健康生活的知识和技能。然而，尽管动机性访谈显示出一些潜力，但缺乏证据表明支持健康行为的最有效的教育方法。本研究将探索一种新的PSE方法的使用，该方法基于群体动机访谈[GMI]，重点关注酒精使用。我们与学生和老师合作开发了一种GMI干预方法，可用于典型的PSE课程。该干预措施鼓励学生相互交流，分享他们的经验，以反思他们的个人动机，支持和反对饮酒。它还鼓励学生做出负责任和明智的决定。我们的初步工作表明，学生重视这些学习机会，GMI干预是中学酒精教育的一种可接受的方法。然而，在这项初步工作中，干预措施是由高技能和经验丰富的调解员提供的。从长远来看，学校试图以这种方式提供干预是不可持续的。作为本研究的一部分，我们将在初步工作的基础上探索教师需要哪些资源和技能来提供干预，并与教师、学生和其他利益相关者合作，为教师提供干预制定一个培训包。在此之后，我们将在少数教师中测试培训包，并评估他们对培训包的接受程度。我们还将评估经过培训的教师对八年级学生的干预效果。我们将采访训练有素的教师，以了解他们认为提供干预的可行性，我们将与接受干预的学生进行焦点小组讨论，以了解他们对干预的看法。在这些评估之后，我们将与教师、学生和其他利益相关者合作，最终确定干预设计。这项研究不会告诉我们干预是否有效地减少或防止酒精使用，但它支持干预的发展，可以在未来进行评估。

Encouraging young people to develop healthy lifestyle habits and reduce unhealthy or risky behaviours is important for improving health across the life course. Alcohol use during adolescence has been shown to track into later adulthood and so may increase the likelihood of long-term harms to health. Although there have been reductions in adolescent alcohol use over the past decade, it is still a public health priority to prevent young people from initiating alcohol use and to reduce existing alcohol use. Young people begin to experiment with alcohol as young as 13 years old so interventions to reduce alcohol are needed during this period of young adolescence. In secondary school, adolescents usually receive a form of personal and social education [PSE] to provide them with the knowledge and skills for healthy living. However, there is a lack of evidence as to the most effective educational approaches to support healthily behaviours, although motivational interviewing shows some potential. This study will explore the use of a new approach to PSE, which is based on Group Motivational Interviewing [GMI], with a focus on alcohol use. We have developed a GMI intervention in collaboration with students and teachers that can be used in a typical PSE session. The intervention encourages students to interact with each other and share their experiences in order to reflect on their personal motivations for and against alcohol use. It also encourages students to make responsible and well-informed decisions. Our initial work suggests that students value these learning opportunities and that the GMI intervention is an acceptable approach to alcohol education in secondary schools. However, in this initial work, the intervention was delivered by highly skilled and experienced facilitators. It would be unsustainable for schools to attempt to deliver the intervention in this way in the long-term. As part of this study, we will build on our initial work to explore what resources and skills teachers need in order to be able to deliver the intervention, and in collaboration with teachers, students and other stakeholders we will develop a training package for teacher delivery of the intervention. Following this, we will test the training package with a small number of teachers, and will evaluate how acceptable the package is to them. We will also evaluate the delivery of the intervention by the trained teachers to Year 8 students. We will interview the trained teachers to find out how feasible they think delivering the intervention is, and we will run focus groups with students who received the intervention to find out what they think about it as well. Following these evaluations we will work with teachers, students and other stakeholders to finalise the intervention design. This research will not tell us whether the intervention is effective in reducing or preventing alcohol use, but it supports the development of the intervention which could then be evaluated in the future.