EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN

描述：(改编自《调查者摘要》)这本书的主要目的 更新是确定亚临床心血管疾病的危险因素 疾病和疾病进展的决定因素，如根据 电子束计算机化测量冠状动脉和主动脉钙化 绝经后8年和12年的断层扫描(EBCT)以及颈动脉的变化 350例绝经后5年和8年的斑块指数。调查人员 假设绝经前风险因素的测量，特别是低密度脂蛋白， 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和吸烟将强烈预测冠状动脉和主动脉的进展 钙化和颈动脉疾病。这是基于他们的初步数据 分析发现，高LDLc水平、低密度脂蛋白水平和低密度脂蛋白水平 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和吸烟在预测冠状动脉和主动脉钙化中的作用 第8次绝经后访视。绝经前测量的危险因素有很多 与同时测量的风险相比，与亚临床疾病的相关性更强 因素，或风险因素的变化，表明有一个较长的“潜伏期”。他们 认为主动脉钙化和颈动脉斑块是早期表现 比冠脉钙化更容易引发亚临床心血管疾病 在第8次访问时，冠状动脉钙化的发生率明显高于冠脉钙化。他们会 检验在第12个绝经期发生冠状动脉钙化的假设 年更有可能发生在既往有主动脉钙化或 第8天颈动脉斑块与未发生钙化或斑块的女性的比较 年。 健康女性研究记录了心血管风险的演变 从绝经前到绝经前的因素和亚临床心血管疾病 招募时年龄在42-50岁的541名女性中的更年期 在1983-84年。这项研究的参与率仍然很高，只有51% 在第8次访问前辍学和7人死亡。目前，大多数女性都是 绝经后6-12年。风险因素，包括血脂、胰岛素、血糖、 肥胖与脂肪分布、内源性类固醇激素、激素 对替代疗法以及行为和心理社会因素进行了研究。 详细地说。 研究人员指出，这将是第一次追踪进展的研究。 EBCT显示冠状动脉和主动脉钙化，以及颈动脉斑块和管壁 厚度，在较年轻的绝经后妇女中。他们进一步指出， 亚临床疾病早期和可改变危险因素的识别 应导致预防或减少临床心血管疾病 绝经后的女性。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract) The primary aim of this renewal is to determine the risk factors for subclinical cardiovascular disease, and the determinants of progression, as estimated from change in coronary and aortic calcification measured by electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) at 8 and 12 years after menopause, and from change in carotid plaque index at 5 and 8 years postmenopause, in 350 women. The investigators hypothesize that premenopausal measures of risk factors, particularly LDLc, HDLc, and smoking, will strongly predict progression of coronary and aortic calcification, and carotid disease. This is based on their preliminary data analyses which found a very strong relationship between high LDLc levels, low HDLc levels, and smoking in predicting coronary and aortic calcification at the 8th postmenopausal visit. Risk factors measured during premenopause were much more strongly related to subclinical disease than concurrently measured risk factors, or change in risk factors, suggesting a long 'incubation' phase. They believe that aortic calcification and carotid plaque are earlier manifestations of subclinical cardiovascular disease than coronary calcification, as these were much more frequent than coronary calcification at the 8th visit. They will test the hypothesis that incident coronary calcification at the 12th menopausal year is more likely to occur in women with prior aortic calcification or carotid plaque compared with women without calcification or plague at the 8th year. The Healthy Women Study has documented the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease from premenopause through menopause in a cohort of 541 women, aged 42-50 at the time of their recruitment in 1983-84. Participation in this study continues to be very high with only 51% dropping out and 7 deaths prior to the 8th visit. Currently, most women are 6-12 years postmenopause. Risk factors, including lipids, insulin, glucose, fatness and fat distribution, endogenous sex-steroid hormones, hormone replacement therapy, and behavioral and psychosocial factors, have been studied in detail. The investigators note that this will be the first study to tract progression of coronary and aortic calcification by EBCT, and carotid plaque and wall thickness, in younger postmenopausal women. They further note that the identification of early and modifiable risk factors for subclinical disease should lead to prevention or reduction of clinical cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women.