ANTECEDENTS OF THE TYPE A BEHAVIOR PATTERN

A 型行为模式的前因

• 批准号: 6147842
• 负责人: KAREN MATTHEWS
• 金额: $ 2.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1980
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1980-04-01 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6147842
• 关键词: African American; adolescence (12-20); angers; behavioral /social science research tag; blood pressure; cardiovascular disorder; caucasian American; child psychology; clinical research; conflict; disease /disorder proneness /risk; echocardiography; environmental stressor; family structure /dynamics; gender difference; heart sonography; heart ventricle; human subject; psychological stressor; psychophysiology; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; stress; type A /type B personality; vascular resistance

The ongoing goals of our research program are: (a) to establish the early emergence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease in children and adolescents; and (b)to specify their antecedents and consequences. Our current project, which tested the influence of gender and ethnicity, found that behavioral and biological risk factors cluster together in children, resulting in a substantial overall burden among some children that is not apparent by studying the development of individual risk factors alone. Building on our current findings, we propose that the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity are intertwined, and are partly due to greater exposure to environmental stress, especially social conflict. Repeated exposure to social conflict encourages the development of a propensity to be vigilant for possible threat, to view ambiguous situations as potentially harmful, to mistrust others, and to exhibit elevated CV reactivity during potential threat. We suggest that these propensities become more automatic and repeatable with adolescent development, leading to stable dispositions. Dispositions, in turn, may influence markers of CV risk, namely total blood pressure burden, aortic stiffness, and left ventricular mass. These were chosen to taken advantage of recent technological improvements and advances in understanding the development of CV risk. To test these proposed relationships, we will recruit 100 adolescent African American and 100 Whites, with approximately equivalent numbers of upper and lower SES based on parental education and occupation within each ethnic group. Each participant will complete a psychophysiological laboratory protocol, questionnaires, carotid scan and echocardiogram in a single morning session, and two school days of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring accompanied by diary ratings of stressful circumstances at the time of each measure. This design allows us to test the influence of SBS and social stress on the development of behavioral risk factors and to test the extent to which behavioral risk factors mediate associations between sociodemographic factors, stress, and CV markers in adolescents.

我们研究计划的持续目标是： (a) 确定儿童和青少年心血管 (CV) 疾病行为危险因素的早期出现； (b) 详细说明其前因和后果。我们当前的项目测试了性别和种族的影响，发现行为和生物风险因素在儿童中聚集在一起，导致一些儿童承受巨大的总体负担，而仅通过研究个体风险因素的发展并不明显。根据我们目前的研究结果，我们认为社会经济地位（SES）和种族的影响是相互交织的，部分原因是环境压力更大，尤其是社会冲突。反复接触社会冲突会促使人们形成对可能的威胁保持警惕、将模棱两可的情况视为潜在有害、不信任他人以及在潜在威胁期间表现出较高的CV反应性的倾向。我们认为，随着青少年的发展，这些倾向会变得更加自动和可重复，从而导致稳定的性格。反过来，性格可能会影响心血管风险的标志物，即总血压负担、主动脉僵硬度和左心室质量。选择这些是为了利用最新的技术改进和在了解心血管风险发展方面的进步。为了测试这些拟议的关系，我们将招募 100 名青少年非裔美国人和 100 名白人，根据每个种族群体内的父母教育和职业，具有大致相同数量的上层和下层社会经济地位。每位参与者将在一次上午的会议中完成心理生理学实验室方案、调查问卷、颈动脉扫描和超声心动图，以及两个教学日的动态血压监测，并附上每次测量时压力情况的日记评级。这一设计使我们能够测试 SBS 和社会压力对行为风险因素发展的影响，并测试行为风险因素在多大程度上介导青少年社会人口因素、压力和 CV 标记之间的关联。