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Predicting parental investment and child outcomes in transitioning populations: An application of the evolutionary theory of risk to public health

预测转型人群的父母投资和儿童结局：公共卫生风险进化理论的应用

基本信息

批准号：
MR/P014216/1
负责人：
Abigail Page
金额：
$ 34.48万
依托单位：
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FP014216%2F1
关键词：
Predicting parental investment child outcomes

项目摘要

Public health programmes have brought significant improvements to the wellbeing of children globally. However, some interventions are only partially effective due to a neglect of parental investment. Parental investment is any activity which increases the child's survival and wellbeing, Despite playing a key role in child outcomes, parental investment is frequently overlooked, and as a result is significantly undertheorised and understudied. In contrast, evolutionary anthropology has specialised in understanding parental investment and has had significant success predicting behavioural diversity. The proposed research aims to integrate public health and evolutionary anthropology theory to create a systematic understanding of parental investment which is relevant to public health interventions. One major influence on parental investment currently overlooked is risk: evolutionary theory predicts that parents who do not believe in their ability to keep their children alive will reduce investment. While this theory is well established, the details of how parental investment responds to risk, and how this influences child outcomes are still not well known. Populations undergoing major subsistence transitions frequently experience altered exposure to risks as child mortality decreases and wealth and resources increase. Therefore, this research will capitalise on the variability present in transitional populations. To fulfil these research aims, the proposed research will ask three questions: (i) how does parental investment respond to different risks; (ii) how do these dynamics influence child outcomes; and (iii) what application does this have to public health interventions? This research will draw on two distinct types of data from populations undergoing subsistence and demographic transitions: an in-depth study of a forging population (the Agta, Philippines) and two longitudinal surveys. The Agta dataset is unique due to its coverage on measures of child wellbeing (including height, weight, medical histories and tests), parental investment (childcare activities) across a population of 900 individuals who experience variable exposure to risk (including infectious disease mortality, accidental death, disease prevalence) and resource availability. The two large-scale surveys - Young Lives Survey (YLS) and the RAND Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) - contain datasets for five low and middle income countries (Ethiopia, India, Peru, Vietnam and Indonesia) which include longitudinal demographic, socioeconomic and child outcomes data on 7,224 households (IFLS) and 12,000 children (YLS). These provide remarkable detail on risks at the household and community levels as well as measures of parental investment (expenditure on children, feeding practices, treatment of sickness) and child outcomes (height, weight and school attainment results). To meet these aims the proposed research will employ longitudinal and causal inference techniques to consider how variation in risk between communities and households, as well as over time, predict parental investment and how these relationships influence child outcomes. This project will create knowledge with direct relevance to policy. To ensure the translation of this knowledge into practice this project will systematically review interventions aimed at child wellbeing, pinpointing key gaps where data on parental investment in most needed. These findings will be developed into policy reports providing clear guidance for public health interventions targeted at Ethiopia, Peru, Indonesia, India and Vietnam. Additionally, working with advocacy experts, these findings will be applied to policy development at a health and empowerment workshop for the Agta. Research findings will also be published in major public health and anthropology journals, as well as in non-scientific reports summarising the major research findings for the general public.

公共卫生方案大大改善了全球儿童的福祉。然而，由于忽视亲代投资，一些干预措施仅部分有效。亲代投资是任何能够提高孩子生存和幸福的活动。尽管亲代投资在孩子的成长中起着关键作用，但它经常被忽视，因此，其理论和研究都明显不足。相比之下，进化人类学专门研究亲代投资，并在预测行为多样性方面取得了重大成功。本研究旨在整合公共卫生和进化人类学理论，对亲代投资与公共卫生干预的关系有系统的了解。目前被忽视的对亲代投资的一个主要影响是风险：进化理论预测，如果父母不相信自己有能力让孩子活下来，他们就会减少投资。虽然这一理论已经确立，但关于亲代投资如何应对风险的细节，以及这如何影响孩子的结果，我们仍然不太清楚。随着儿童死亡率的下降和财富和资源的增加，正在经历重大生存转型的人口往往面临不同的风险。因此，这项研究将利用过渡种群中存在的可变性。为了实现这些研究目标，本研究将提出三个问题：(i)亲代投资如何应对不同的风险；这些动态因素如何影响儿童的发展；（三）这对公共卫生干预有什么应用？这项研究将利用正在经历生存和人口转变的人口的两种不同类型的数据：对锻造人口（菲律宾阿格塔）的深入研究和两项纵向调查。Agta数据集的独特之处在于，它涵盖了900名经历不同风险暴露（包括传染病死亡率、意外死亡、疾病患病率）和资源可用性的儿童福祉（包括身高、体重、病史和测试）、亲代投资（托儿活动）等指标。这两项大型调查——年轻生活调查（YLS）和兰德印尼家庭生活调查（IFLS）——包含五个低收入和中等收入国家（埃塞俄比亚、印度、秘鲁、越南和印度尼西亚）的数据集，其中包括7,224个家庭（IFLS）和12,000名儿童（YLS）的纵向人口、社会经济和儿童结果数据。这些报告详细介绍了家庭和社区两级的风险，以及父母投资（儿童支出、喂养方法、疾病治疗）和儿童成果（身高、体重和学业成绩）的衡量标准。为了实现这些目标，拟议的研究将采用纵向和因果推理技术来考虑社区和家庭之间以及随时间的风险变化如何预测父母的投资以及这些关系如何影响儿童的结果。这个项目将创造与政策直接相关的知识。为了确保将这些知识转化为实践，该项目将系统地审查旨在儿童福祉的干预措施，找出最需要父母投资数据的关键差距。这些发现将形成政策报告，为针对埃塞俄比亚、秘鲁、印度尼西亚、印度和越南的公共卫生干预措施提供明确指导。此外，通过与倡导专家合作，这些研究结果将在为阿格塔举办的保健和赋权讲习班上应用于政策制定。研究结果还将发表在主要的公共卫生和人类学期刊上，以及发表在向公众概述主要研究结果的非科学报告上。