SOURCES OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RUMINATION

沉思中性别差异的根源

• 批准号: 2889911
• 负责人: Susan N Nolen-Hoeksema
• 金额: $ 10.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2889911
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; belief; bereavement; clinical research; coping; depression; gender difference; human data; human subject; longitudinal human study; mental health epidemiology; middle childhood (6-11); obesity; problem solving

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): There is substantial evidence that passive, ruminative responses to depression exacerbate and prolong depressed mood, increase depressogenic thinking, and interfere with interpersonal problem-solving. Women are more likely than men to have a ruminative style of responding to their distress, and this partially accounts for women's greater rates of depression compared to men. Clearly, the next question is, why do women engage in ruminative responses to their distress, and how do these ruminative styles of responding develop? This question motivates the research proposed here. Under this Independent Scientist Award, I will test a bio-psycho-social model of the development of ruminative styles that suggests that women are more likely than men to develop beliefs that emotions and their sources are uncontrollable, that they should focus on their emotions, and that they are responsible for the emotional tone of relationships. In turn, these beliefs cause women to focus on their distress and to be wary of taking actions on their environment to address the sources of their distress. The sources of women's beliefs and self-expectations around emotions and coping are both social and biological. First and foremost, women are more likely than men to be exposed to social conditions that strip them of power to act on their environment and cause their attention to be turned inward. Second, women may be more likely than men to have biological experiences of distress that make it more difficult for them to act efficaciously on their environment and more likely that they will emotion focus. To test this model, I will conduct (1) in-depth analyses of existing data sets, and data sets currently being gathered under my current R01 51817, (2) a community-based study of adults, involving a follow-up of a large, representative sample gathered under my current R01, (3) studies of selected subsamples of the adult community, (4) laboratory-based priming studies of adults, and (5) a new longitudinal study of girls and boys from preadolescence to mid-adolescence. In addition, career development goals include the development of studies to examine the relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning and gender differences in coping and depression; the development of new measures of social context, emotion-related beliefs, and coping strategies; and the development of advanced statistical skills.

描述(申请人摘要)：有确凿证据表明 对抑郁的被动、反省反应会加剧和延长抑郁 情绪，增加抑郁思维，并干扰人际关系 解决问题。女人比男人更容易沉思。 回应她们的痛苦，这在一定程度上解释了女性 与男性相比，抑郁症的发生率更高。显然，下一个问题是， 为什么女性会对她们的痛苦做出沉思的反应？ 这些沉思的回应方式是发展起来的吗？这个问题激发了 这里提出了一项研究。 在这个独立科学家奖下，我将测试一个生物-心理-社会 反思型风格发展的模型，表明女性 比男性更有可能形成这样的信念，即情绪及其来源 无法控制，他们应该专注于自己的情绪，他们是 对人际关系的情感基调负责。反过来，这些信念 使女性专注于她们的痛苦，并对采取行动保持警惕 他们的环境，以解决他们的痛苦的来源。的来源 女性对情绪和应对方式的信念和自我期望都是 社会的和生物的。首先，女性比男性更有可能 暴露在剥夺他们采取行动的权力的社会条件下 环境，并使他们的注意力转向国内。第二，女性 可能比男性更有可能有生理上的痛苦经历 使他们更难对环境采取有效的行动 更有可能的是，他们会专注于情绪。 为了检验这个模型，我将进行(1)对现有数据的深入分析 集合，以及我当前的R01 51817下当前正在收集的数据集，(2) 一项以社区为基础的成年人研究，涉及对一项大型、 根据我目前的R01收集的有代表性的样本，(3)精选的研究 成虫群落的亚样，(4)基于实验室的启动研究 成人，和(5)一项新的纵向研究，从 青春期前到青春期中期。此外，职业发展目标 包括研究的进展，以检查 应对方式中的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺功能与性别差异 和抑郁症；社会背景的新衡量标准的发展， 与情绪有关的信念和应对策略；以及 高级统计技能。