SOURCES OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RUMINATION

沉思中性别差异的根源

• 批准号: 2032971
• 负责人: Susan N Nolen-Hoeksema
• 金额: $ 10.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2032971
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; belief; bereavement; clinical research; coping; depression; gender difference; human data; human subject; longitudinal human study; mental health epidemiology; middle childhood (6-11); obesity; problem solving

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): There is substantial evidence that passive, ruminative responses to depression exacerbate and prolong depressed mood, increase depressogenic thinking, and interfere with interpersonal problem-solving. Women are more likely than men to have a ruminative style of responding to their distress, and this partially accounts for women's greater rates of depression compared to men. Clearly, the next question is, why do women engage in ruminative responses to their distress, and how do these ruminative styles of responding develop? This question motivates the research proposed here. Under this Independent Scientist Award, I will test a bio-psycho-social model of the development of ruminative styles that suggests that women are more likely than men to develop beliefs that emotions and their sources are uncontrollable, that they should focus on their emotions, and that they are responsible for the emotional tone of relationships. In turn, these beliefs cause women to focus on their distress and to be wary of taking actions on their environment to address the sources of their distress. The sources of women's beliefs and self-expectations around emotions and coping are both social and biological. First and foremost, women are more likely than men to be exposed to social conditions that strip them of power to act on their environment and cause their attention to be turned inward. Second, women may be more likely than men to have biological experiences of distress that make it more difficult for them to act efficaciously on their environment and more likely that they will emotion focus. To test this model, I will conduct (1) in-depth analyses of existing data sets, and data sets currently being gathered under my current R01 51817, (2) a community-based study of adults, involving a follow-up of a large, representative sample gathered under my current R01, (3) studies of selected subsamples of the adult community, (4) laboratory-based priming studies of adults, and (5) a new longitudinal study of girls and boys from preadolescence to mid-adolescence. In addition, career development goals include the development of studies to examine the relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning and gender differences in coping and depression; the development of new measures of social context, emotion-related beliefs, and coping strategies; and the development of advanced statistical skills.

描述（申请人摘要）：有大量证据表明， 对抑郁症的消极、沉思反应会加剧和延长抑郁症 情绪，增加抑郁思维，并干扰人际关系 解决问题 女性比男性更有可能有沉思的风格 对她们的痛苦做出反应，这部分解释了女性 与男性相比，抑郁症的发病率更高。 显然，下一个问题是， 为什么女性会对自己的痛苦做出沉思的反应，以及如何 这些沉思式的反应方式发展起来了吗 这个问题激发了 这里提出的研究。 在这个独立科学家奖下，我将测试一个生物心理社会 一个沉思风格发展的模型，表明女性是 比男性更有可能发展出这样的信念，即情绪及其来源是 不受控制，他们应该专注于他们的情绪，他们是 负责人际关系的情感基调。 反过来，这些信念 使妇女关注他们的痛苦，并谨慎采取行动， 他们的环境，以解决他们的痛苦的来源。 的来源 女性对情绪和应对的信念和自我期望都是 社会和生物学。 首先，女性比男性更有可能 暴露在剥夺他们按照自己的意愿行事的权力的社会条件下， 环境，使他们的注意力转向内部。 第二，女性 可能比男性更有可能有生理上的痛苦经历， 使他们更难有效地对环境采取行动 他们更有可能专注于情感。 为了测试这个模型，我将进行（1）对现有数据的深入分析 集，以及根据我当前的R 01 51817收集的数据集，（2） 一项以社区为基础的成年人研究，涉及一个大型的， 在我目前的R 01下收集的代表性样本，（3）选定的研究 成人社区的子样本，（4）基于实验室的启动研究， 成年人，（5）一项新的纵向研究的女孩和男孩从 青春期前到青春期中期 此外，职业发展目标 包括开展研究，审查 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺功能与应对方式的性别差异 和抑郁症;新的社会环境测量方法的发展， 情绪相关的信念和应对策略;以及 先进的统计技能。