OBJECT INDIVIDUATION AND EVENT REPRESENTATION IN INFANCY

婴儿期的对象个体化和事件表征

• 批准号: 2889547
• 负责人: TERESA G WILCOX
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-25 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2889547
• 关键词: discrimination learning; form /pattern perception; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); memory; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; sensory discrimination; visual perception

Recent research indicates that infants can draw on at least two sources of information to individuate objects involved in occlusion events: (a) featural (i.e., the shape, size, color, or pattern of an object) and (b) physical (i.e., knowledge about the lawful ways that objects move and interact). However, whether infants demonstrate this ability depends on the task used. When an event monitoring task is used (i.e., infants must judge whether successive portions of an event are consistent), infants demonstrate the ability to use featural information by 4.5 months of age, and some forms of physical information by 3.5 months of age (Aguiar & Baillargeon, 1997; Wilcox & Baillargeon, 1997). In contrast, when an event mapping task is used (i.e., infants must retrieve a representation of one event and compare it to a subsequent event), older infants often fail (Wilcox & Baillargeon, in press; Xu & Carey, 1996). The goal of the proposed research is to examine more closely the mapping problem and to identify the processes that infants engage in when they attempt to retrieve representations of occlusion events. The proposed research has been organized into two sections. The first section investigates infants ability to map occlusion events that involve two featurally distinct objects. These experiments address the question of how infants organize and map events that require binding features to individuals. The second section investigates infants ability to map occlusion events that involve two identical objects. These experiments address two issues: (a) infants ability to draw on different forms of physical knowledge to individuate objects and (b) event ambiguity and how it contributes to mapping difficulties. Together, the results of the proposed research will provide new insight into the way that infants form representations of occlusion events and how infants use these representations when reasoning about other physical events. The results will also provide direction for future research that will focus on the investigation of event representations in infancy.

最近的研究表明婴儿可以利用至少两个来源 用于区分遮挡事件中涉及的对象的信息：(a) 特征（即物体的形状、大小、颜色或图案）和 (b) 物理（即关于物体移动和移动的合法方式的知识） 相互影响）。 然而，婴儿是否表现出这种能力取决于 关于所使用的任务。 当使用事件监控任务时（即婴儿 必须判断事件的连续部分是否一致）， 婴儿在 4.5 岁时表现出使用特征信息的能力 月龄，以及 3.5 个月大时的某些形式的身体信息 年龄（Aguiar 和 Baillargeon，1997；Wilcox 和 Baillargeon，1997）。 在 相反，当使用事件映射任务时（即婴儿必须 检索一个事件的表示并将其与后续事件进行比较 事件），年龄较大的婴儿经常失败（Wilcox 和 Baillargeon，正在出版；Xu 和 凯里，1996）。 拟议研究的目标是检查更多 密切关注绘图问题并识别婴儿的过程 当他们试图检索遮挡的表征时参与 事件。 拟议的研究分为两个部分。 第一个 该部分调查婴儿绘制遮挡事件的能力 涉及两个特征不同的对象。 这些实验解决了 婴儿如何组织和映射需要绑定的事件的问题 个人的特征。 第二部分调查婴儿 能够映射涉及两个相同对象的遮挡事件。 这些实验解决了两个问题：（a）婴儿的绘画能力 用于区分对象的不同形式的物理知识和（b） 事件模糊性及其如何导致绘图困难。 总之，拟议研究的结果将提供新的见解 婴儿形成闭塞事件表征的方式 婴儿在推理其他事物时如何使用这些表征 物理事件。 研究结果也将为未来提供方向 研究将侧重于事件表征的调查 在婴儿期。