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Auditory Information and Object Individuation in Infancy

婴儿期的听觉信息和物体个体化

基本信息

批准号：
6849796
负责人：
TERESA G WILCOX
金额：
$ 7.28万
依托单位：
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-03-01 至 2007-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6849796
关键词：
auditory feedback behavioral /social science research tag child psychology clinical research cognition form /pattern perception human subject infant human (0-1 year)sound perception

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Object individuation- the ability to determine whether an object is the same object, or a different object, than experienced previously - is one of our most basic cognitive capacities. Most current research has focused on the kinds of visual features (e.g., size, shape, color, pattern) infants use to individuate objects and how this changes with time and experience. What has been left open to speculation is the extent to which infants use information from other modalities to individuate objects. In light of the fact that infants live in a multimodal world - they see, touch, taste, and listen to the objects with which they come in contact - this gap in knowledge is problematic. Without this knowledge we cannot fully understand how infants solve the individuation problem in everyday situations. The research proposed in this application will move object individuation research in a new direction, by investigating infants' capacity to use auditory information as the basis for object individuation. Looking time methods will be used with infants 4.5 to 11.5 months of age. The objective of this application is to identify the types of auditory information infants use to individuate objects. The specific aims are to (1) assess the extent to which infants' use two kinds of sounds, those produced by shaking containers filled with different substances and those produced electronically, to individuate objects and (2) identify the underlying basis for the sensitivities observed. The central hypothesis for the proposed research is that young infants will demonstrate greater sensitivity to sounds that reveal something about the physical structure of the objects making them (e.g., containers filled with different substances), than sounds that are not clearly linked to the physical properties of objects (e.g., electronic tones). The outcome of this research will be used to develop theories of object individuation that focus on how infants go about individuating objects in a complex, multimodal world. These theories eventually will be used by parents, educators, and daycare providers to create environments that are most likely to facilitate learning about the physical nature of objects in healthy and at-risk infants.

描述（由申请人提供）：客体个体化（Object individuation），即判断一个客体是与先前体验的客体相同还是不同的客体的能力，是我们最基本的认知能力之一。目前大多数研究都集中在视觉特征的种类上（例如，大小、形状、颜色、图案），以及这些特征如何随着时间和经验而变化。婴儿在多大程度上使用来自其他模态的信息来个性化物体，这一点还有待猜测。鉴于婴儿生活在一个多模态的世界中--他们看到、触摸、品尝和倾听他们所接触的物体--这种知识上的差距是有问题的。没有这些知识，我们就不能完全理解婴儿在日常生活中是如何解决个性化问题的。本申请中提出的研究将通过调查婴儿使用听觉信息作为物体个性化基础的能力，将物体个性化研究推向一个新的方向。注视时间法将用于4.5至11.5个月大的婴儿。这个应用程序的目的是确定类型的听觉信息婴儿使用个性化的对象。具体目标是：（1）评估婴儿使用两种声音的程度，这些声音是通过摇动装有不同物质的容器产生的，以及电子产生的声音，以区分物体;（2）确定观察到的敏感性的潜在基础。这项研究的中心假设是，年幼的婴儿会对揭示制造它们的物体的物理结构的声音表现出更大的敏感性（例如，填充有不同物质的容器），而不是与物体的物理属性没有明确联系的声音（例如，电子音）。这项研究的结果将被用来发展对象个性化的理论，专注于婴儿如何去个性化的对象在一个复杂的，多模态的世界。这些理论最终将被父母、教育工作者和日托提供者用来创造最有可能促进健康和高危婴儿学习物体物理性质的环境。