ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF SKILLED VISUAL SEARCH

描述（改编自申请人的描述）：人类是 能够熟练掌握最复杂的任务（例如，驾驶），因为他们 学习自动化部分任务。 尽管重要的是 技能发展的自动性。 很少有研究系统地 研究了脑损伤人群的自动加工发展。 搜索任务已在实验室中用于研究 自动过程。 拟议的研究将使用基于视觉的搜索 任务，以检查技能获取和自动过程开发， 严重闭合性颅脑损伤（CHI）人群。 因为自动化 任务组成部分是发展熟练的表演， 严重CHI后自动化过程开发的理论认识 应对补救程序产生重要影响。 在几次培训中，CHI参与者和匹配的对照组 将在一致映射中完成语义类别视觉搜索任务 (CM)以及各种映射（VM）训练情况。 调查人员已 显示CM训练条件导致戏剧性的表现 自动注意力反应（AAR）。 另一方面，VM训练几乎没有提高性能 以及对需要注意力或受控过程的持续依赖。 通过比较CM和VM条件下的性能，研究人员 建议能够评估熟练视觉的速度和获取 严重CHI后的搜索性能。 将使用转移条件 测试一般的，与任务相关的学习和发展， AAR，独立于一般性能改进。 这些数据 预计将提供严重CHI能力的初步证据 参与者获得一般的，与任务相关的技能，并在一个 视觉搜索情况。 进一步的研究可以检查，例如， 将自动化任务组件转移到更复杂的任务， 为了修改先前学习和自动化的过程（即，旧习惯）。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Description): Human beings are able to become skilled at most complex tasks (e.g., driving) because they learn to automatize portions of the task. Despite the importance of automaticity in skill development. few studies have systematically investigated automatic process development in brain injured populations. Search tasks have been used in the laboratory to study the development of automatic processes. The proposed study will use a visually-based search task to examine skill acquisition and automatic process development in a severe closed-head injured (CHI) population. Because the automatization of task components is integral to developing skilled performances, a theoretical understanding of automatic process development after severe CHI should have important implications for remediation procedures. Across several sessions of training, CHI participants and matched controls will complete a semantic category visual search task in consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) training situations. The investigators have shown that the CM training condition results in dramatic performance improvements and the development of an automatic attention response (AAR). VM training, on the other hand, results in little performance improvement and the continued reliance on attention-demanding or controlled processes. By comparing performances in the CM and VM conditions, the investigators propose to be able to evaluate the rate and acquisition of skilled visual search performance following a severe CHI. Transfer conditions will be used to test for general, task-related learning and for the development of an AAR, independent of general performance improvement. These data are expected to provide initial evidence for the ability of severe CHI participants to acquire general, task-related skills and develop an AAR in a visual search situation. Further studies can then examine, for example, transfer of automatized task components to more complex tasks, and ability to modify previously learned and automatized processes (i.e., "old habits").