ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF SKILLED VISUAL SEARCH

熟练视觉搜索的获取和保留

• 批准号: 2440724
• 负责人: MAUREEN SCHMITTER-EDGECOMBE
• 金额: $ 6.29万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-01-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2440724
• 关键词: attention; brain injury; clinical research; human subject; learning; performance; visual perception; visual tracking

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Description): Human beings are able to become skilled at most complex tasks (e.g., driving) because they learn to automatize portions of the task. Despite the importance of automaticity in skill development. few studies have systematically investigated automatic process development in brain injured populations. Search tasks have been used in the laboratory to study the development of automatic processes. The proposed study will use a visually-based search task to examine skill acquisition and automatic process development in a severe closed-head injured (CHI) population. Because the automatization of task components is integral to developing skilled performances, a theoretical understanding of automatic process development after severe CHI should have important implications for remediation procedures. Across several sessions of training, CHI participants and matched controls will complete a semantic category visual search task in consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) training situations. The investigators have shown that the CM training condition results in dramatic performance improvements and the development of an automatic attention response (AAR). VM training, on the other hand, results in little performance improvement and the continued reliance on attention-demanding or controlled processes. By comparing performances in the CM and VM conditions, the investigators propose to be able to evaluate the rate and acquisition of skilled visual search performance following a severe CHI. Transfer conditions will be used to test for general, task-related learning and for the development of an AAR, independent of general performance improvement. These data are expected to provide initial evidence for the ability of severe CHI participants to acquire general, task-related skills and develop an AAR in a visual search situation. Further studies can then examine, for example, transfer of automatized task components to more complex tasks, and ability to modify previously learned and automatized processes (i.e., "old habits").

描述(改编自申请者的描述)：人类是 能够熟练地完成最复杂的任务(如驾驶)，因为他们 学会自动完成任务的一部分。尽管重要的是 技能发展中的自动性。很少有研究系统地 调查了脑损伤人群中的自动过程发展。 在实验室中已经使用搜索任务来研究 自动流程。拟议的研究将使用基于视觉的搜索 检查技能获取和自动化流程开发的任务 严重闭合性脑损伤(CHI)人群。因为网络的自动化 任务组件对于发展熟练的性能是不可或缺的， 对严重创伤后自动化过程发展的理论认识 应对补救程序产生重要影响。 在几个培训课程中，CHI参与者和匹配的对照组 会在一致的映射中完成语义类别的视觉搜索任务 (Cm)和不同的测绘(Vm)培训情况。调查人员已经 显示了CM训练条件导致了戏剧性的表现 自动注意反应(AAR)的改进和发展。 另一方面，虚拟机培训几乎不会带来性能提升 以及继续依赖需要注意的或受控的过程。 通过比较CM和VM条件下的性能，研究人员 建议能够评估熟练视觉的比率和获得 搜索性能后出现严重的迟缓。将使用转让条件 测试一般的、与任务相关的学习和发展 AAR，独立于总体性能改进。这些数据是 预计将为严重急性呼吸综合征的能力提供初步证据 学员将获得与任务相关的一般技能，并在 目视搜索情况。然后进一步的研究可以检查，例如， 将自动化的任务组件转移到更复杂的任务，以及能力 修改以前学习的和自动化的流程(即“旧习惯”)。