PRODUCTION OF PYROGEN-FREE WATER IN HEMODIALYSIS UNIT

许多已报告的血液透析风险和危害 与水质有关，包括热源污染。 典型的透析患者暴露在30到40次之间。 一般人口中的一员所需的水量 都被曝光了。因此，血液透析水的质量显然是 非常重要。目前血液透析系统的做法并不能保证 无热原水。在使用可用程序时存在几个缺点 要实现无热原水：(I)添加化学品，这些化学品必须 在水接触透析膜之前进行监测和销毁。 否则，化学品会接触病人的血液；(Ii) 与消毒剂反应产生的有毒副产物：(Iii) 不在线供应不含热源的水(即间歇操作)；及(Iv) 成本。本项目致力于开发一种高效、快速、 经济实惠的反应堆在线供应无热源水 血液透析系统。消毒剂是羟基自由基，是一种 最强的氧化剂，在现场生产，并在 反应堆。这一阶段的目的是评估技术可行性 一种用于在线生产无热源水的新型装置。在.期间 第二阶段，将开发和集成一个自动化系统 血液透析系统。 建议的商业应用： 所有血液透析系统都需要无热原的水。此外，大量的 医疗行业例如在静脉输液中使用无热原水， 用于感染和手术室冲洗的液体。此外，水培行业还需要无菌水。

Many of the reported risks and hazards identified for hemodialysis are associated with water quality, including pyrogenic contamination. The typical patient on dialysis is exposed to between 30 and 40 times the amount of water to which a member of the general population is exposed. Thus, the quality of hemodialysis water is obviously very important. Current practices in hemodialysis systems does not guaranty pyrogen-free water. Several drawbacks exist in the use of available procedures to achieve pyrogen-free water: (i) addition of chemicals, which have to be monitored and destroyed before the water contacts the dialysis membrane. Otherwise, the chemicals come in contact with the patients blood; (ii) formation of toxic by-products from the reaction with the disinfectant: (iii) no on-line supply of pyrogen-free water (i.e., batch-mode operation), and (iv) cost. This project pursues the development of an efficient, fast, and cost-effective reactor to supply pyrogen-free water on-line in hemodialysis systems. The disinfecting agents are hydroxyl radicals, one of the strongest oxidants, which are produced in situ, and consumed inside the reactor. The aim of this Phase I is to evaluate the technical feasibility of a noval device for on-line production of pyrogen-free water. During the Phase II, an automatic system will be developed and integrated in hemodialysis systems. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: Pyrogen-free water is required in all hemodialysis systems. In addition, large quantities of pyrogen-free water are used by the medical industry such as in intravenous infusion fluids, fluids for infection and for irrigation in operating rooms. Also, sterile water is needed in the hydroponics industry.