A Novel Nanocomposite Photocatalyst for Water Treatment

用于水处理的新型纳米复合光催化剂

• 批准号: 7285322
• 负责人: ANUNCIA GONZALEZ-MARTIN
• 金额: $ 40.52万
• 依托单位: LYNNTECH, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7285322
• 关键词: Area; Arts; Bacteria; Businesses; Capital; Carbon; Chemicals; Chlorine; Class; Coagulation Process; Data; Development; Development Plans; Device Designs; Devices; Disease; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Economics; Electronics; Engineering; Evaluation; Excision; Exposure to; Filtration; Generations; Goals; Government; Hand; Health; Health Professional; Heart; Hospitals; Hour; Intellectual Property; Ion Exchange; Ions; Kinetics; Letters; Light; Location; Maintenance; Marketing; Mechanics; Membrane; Methods; Mind; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Osmosis; Performance; Persons; Pharmacy Schools; Phase; Plants; Poison; Process; Production; Purpose; Rate; Reaction; Refuse Disposal; Reporting; Resources; Safety; Sales; Services; Solid; Solutions; Source; Standards of Weights and Measures; System; Techniques; Technology; Test Result; Testing; Time; Toxicity Tests; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Validation; Water; Water Purification; Zeolites; base; cancer risk; chlorination; chlorine dioxide; commercial application; commercialization; cost; cost effective; cost effectiveness; design; drinking water; ergonomics; improved; innovation; interest; microbial; microorganism; microorganism growth; mineralization; models and simulation; nanocomposite; nanoparticle; novel; organic contaminant; oxidation; prototype; scale up; sound; water quality; water treatment; waterborne

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The availability of safe drinking water is a substantial health concern. The introduction of water chlorination as a standard water treatment has resulted in a significant decrease in the number of waterborne diseases. However disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed by the reactions between chlorine and the natural organic matter (NOM) dissolved in water. Long-term exposure to DBPs may increase the risk of cancer and other adverse health effect. As a consequence, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented stringent limits for DBPs in drinking water. Although the use of alternative disinfectants have been proposed, they also produce their own toxic byproducts. And water plant approaches to reduce the amount of NOM in the source water prior to chlorination step are not technically sound due to the requirement of a new water treatment plant that is costly to construct and operate. Thus, new methods for elimination of DBPs in drinking water at the point-of-use (POU) are strongly needed. The objective of the Phase II proposal is to design, fabricate and test a new, small-scale photocatalytic oxidation system for POU water treatment. The aim is to provide a unique, low-cost consumer device designed to effectively eliminate DBPs and microorganisms at the location where water is consumed. The proposed system provides attractive benefits over other POU technologies because it adds nothing harmful to the water, does not require routine service, does not provide a harbor for microorganism growth, and water contaminants including DBPs and microorganisms are destroyed, not just transferred from water to solid phase, and therefore, it does not create a waste disposal problem. During the Phase I project, Lynntech developed and successfully tested bench scale photocatalytic systems capable of fast degradation of a variety of microorganisms and DBPs to well bellow EPA recommended levels. It overcame limitations of other photocatalytic system including deactivation by inorganic ions. The heart of Lynntech's water treatment is the use of effective photocatalyst nanoparticles immobilized on an active matrix. The photocatalyst material is integrated into an ingenious reactor design that minimizes mass transfer and allows for fast treatment times. During the Phase II, an optimized automated GEN I POU photocatalytic water treatment will be developed. We will test it for its reliability, repeatability, ease of use, manufacturability and ease of assembly while minimizing its cost. Its operation will be on-line, and user interaction will be limited to the replacement of the UV lamps after about 5,000 hours of use. GEN I POU system will be extensively tested with DBPs and microorganisms commonly found in tap water. The proposed system has a high potential for user acceptance and has immediate commercial applications in many areas where high quality water is needed. Key segments where the proposed technology can have an immediate impact include hospital, schools, pharmacies, cafeteria, commercial and residential buildings, etc. The availability of safe drinking water is a substantial health concern. The introduction of water chlorination as a standard water treatment has resulted in a significant decrease in the number of waterborne diseases, but disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed by the reactions between chlorine and the natural organic matter (NOM) dissolved in water, and long-term exposure to DBPs may increase the risk of cancer and other adverse health effect. The aim of this Phase II proposal is to provide a unique, low-cost, small-scale photocatalytic oxidation system for point-of-use water treatment device designed to effectively eliminate DBPs and microorganisms at the location where water is consumed.

描述（由申请人提供）：安全饮用水的供应是一个重大的健康问题。将水氯化作为一种标准的水处理方法，大大减少了水传播疾病的数量。然而，消毒副产物（DBPs）是由氯和溶解在水中的天然有机物（NOM）之间的反应形成的。长期接触DBPs可能会增加患癌症和其他不良健康影响的风险。因此，美国环境保护署（EPA）对饮用水中的dbp实施了严格的限制。虽然有人建议使用替代消毒剂，但它们也会产生有毒的副产品。水厂在氯化步骤之前减少源水中NOM含量的方法在技术上是不合理的，因为需要一个新的水处理厂，建设和运营成本很高。因此，迫切需要在使用点（POU）消除饮用水中dbp的新方法。