Production of Pyrogen-Free Water in Hemodialysis Units

描述（由申请人提供）： 血液透析与水质有关，包括热原 污染.典型的透析患者暴露于30至40 乘以一般人口中一个成员的水量， 暴露了因此，血液透析用水的质量显然非常重要。 血液透析系统中的当前实践不能保证无热原水。 在使用可用的程序来实现无热原时存在几个缺点 水：㈠添加化学品，必须加以监测和销毁 在水接触透析膜之前。否则，化学物质可能 与患者接触血液;（二）形成毒性 热原与消毒剂反应的副产物;（iii）无 提供无热原水的在线装置（即，批处理模式操作），以及 (iv)成本该项目涉及一个 提供无热原水的高效、快速和具有成本效益的光反应器 在血液透析系统中在线。消毒剂的作用时间很短 羟基自由基，已知最强的氧化剂之一， 在光反应器中被消耗。在第二阶段项目中， 将开发自动化原型系统并将其集成到血液透析中 系统将进行技术和成本评估， 商业系统的基础。 拟定商业应用： 所有血液透析系统都需要无热原水。此外，该技术还将应用于医疗行业的其他领域：静脉输液、注射液和手术室冲洗液需要大量无热原水。此外，其他行业，如水培行业需要无菌水。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many reported risks and hazards in hemodialysis are associated with water quality, including pyrogenic contamination. The typical patient on dialysis is exposed to between 30 to 40 times the amount of water to which a member of the general population is exposed. Thus, the quality of hemodialysis water is obviously very important. Current practices in hemodialysis systems do not guarantee pyrogen-free water. Several drawbacks exist in using available procedures to achieve pyrogen-free water: (i) addition of chemicals, which have to be monitored and destroyed before the water contacts the dialysis membrane. Otherwise, the chemicals may come in contact with the patient about blood; (ii) formation of toxic by-products from the reaction of pyrogens with the disinfectant; (iii) no on-line means of providing pyrogen-free water (i.e., batch-mode operation), and (iv) cost. This project concerns the development and evaluation of an efficient, fast, and cost-effective photoreactor to supply pyrogen-free water on-line in hemodialysis system. The disinfecting agents are short-lived hydroxyl radicals, one of the strongest oxidants known, which are produced in-situ, and consumed inside the photoreactor. During the Phase II project, an automated prototype system will be developed and integrated into a hemodialysis system. Technical and cost evaluations will be carried out to provide the foundation for a commercial system. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: Pyrogen-free water is required in all hemodialysis systems. In addition, this technology will find application in other areas of the medical industry: large quantities of pyrogen-free water are required for intravenous infusion fluids, fluids for injection and for irrigation in operating rooms. Also, other industries, such as the hydroponics industry need sterile water.