PULMONARY MASS AND HEAT TRANSPORT

描述(申请人摘要)：本提案旨在确定和 评估输液的基本机制 阿龙。向肺内注入液体丸剂可在多种情况下发生 情况。该液体可以是表面活性剂的悬浮液， 表面活性剂和药物或遗传物质，全氟碳化合物，或含有 其他成分。相关的应用是表面活性剂的替代 治疗，使用表面活性物质作为药物的载体(例如，心肺 复苏)或用于基因治疗、部分液体换气、无意中 液体滴注，如抽吸、治疗和诊断 支气管肺泡灌洗。向肺内注入液体的运输 取决于多种效果的组合，包括物理力、属性 灌注液及其成分、性质和生理状态 肺及其呼吸道和肺清除机制。身份识别和 量化这些相互作用的影响将为 制定可靠、可预测的输液策略。这个 这项工作的长期目标是：调查控制疾病的因素 运输和交付这种注入的液体和成分；开发 预测和控制它们的时间进程和空间的方法 分布；为临床应用提供合理依据 评估液体成分输送；提高控制能力 液体团剂输送中的靶点选择性。交通工具的流动和运输 滴注的液体丸剂涉及到许多物理机制，如丸剂 穿过中央气管到达肺泡。通过数学方法 分析、台式实验和动物模型，我们建议研究 整体运输以及大型航空公司内部的单独运输， 小气道和肺泡。在每个政权中，都有占主导地位的 控制丸剂及其成分的流动和运输的机制： 液塞流、重力排水、表面张力驱动流和肺泡 领悟。通过调查这些特定的政权，个别和 总的来说，我们将提供有关物理过程的新信息 它管理着注入的液体的运输。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): This proposal seeks to identify and evaluate the fundamental mechanisms for transport of liquids instilled into the lung. A liquid bolus instilled into the lung may occur under a variety of circumstances. The liquid may be a suspension of surfactants, a mixture of surfactants and drugs or genetic material, a perfluorocarbon, or a liquid with other constituents. Relevant applications are for surfactant replacement therapy, use of surfactants as a vehicle for drugs (e.g. for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) or for gene therapy, partial liquid ventilation, inadvertent liquid instillations such as aspiration and therapeutic and diagnostic broncho-alveolar lavage. The transport of liquids instilled into the lung depends on a combination of effects including physical forces, properties of the instilled liquid and its constituents, properties and physiologic status of the lung and its airways and pulmonary clearance mechanisms. Identification and quantification of these interplaying effects will provide a basis for developing reliable, predictable strategies for instilled-liquid delivery. The long term objectives of this work are: to investigate factors controlling the transport and delivery of such instilled liquids and constituents; to develop methods for predicting and controlling their time course and spatial distribution; to provide a rational basis for clinical applications and assessment of liquid + constituent delivery; to enhance the ability to control target selectivity in liquid bolus transport. The flow and transport of an instilled liquid bolus involves a number of physical regimes as the bolus traverses the central airways to the alveoli. By means of mathematical analysis, benchtop experiments and animal models, we propose to investigate overall transport as well as, individually, transport within the large airways, small airways and alveoli. Within each of these regimes there are dominant mechanisms controlling flow and transport of the bolus and its constituents: liquid plug flow, gravity drainage, surface-tension-driven flows and alveolar uptake. By investigating these particular regimes, individually and collectively, we will provide new information about the physical processes which govern transport for instilled liquids.