PULMONARY MASS AND HEAT TRANSPORT

描述（申请人摘要）：本提案旨在确定和 评估的基本机制，为运输的液体灌输到 肺。滴注到肺中的液体团可在多种条件下发生。 情节该液体可以是表面活性剂的悬浮液、表面活性剂的混合物、或它们的混合物。 表面活性剂和药物或遗传物质，全氟化碳，或液体， 其他选民。相关应用为表面活性剂替代 治疗，表面活性剂作为药物载体的用途（例如，用于心肺 复苏）或基因治疗，部分液体通气，意外 液体滴注，如抽吸和治疗及诊断 支气管肺泡灌洗液体输注到肺中 取决于包括物理力、 滴注液及其成分、性质和生理状态 肺及其气道和肺清除机制。识别和 量化这些相互作用的影响将提供基础， 开发可靠的、可预测的滴注液体输送策略。的 这项工作的长期目标是：调查控制因素， 运输和输送这种灌输的液体和成分;开发 预测和控制其时间进程和空间的方法 分布;为临床应用提供合理依据， 评估液体+成分输送;增强控制能力 液体团传输中的目标选择性。一种流体的流动和输运 滴注的液体丸剂涉及许多物理状态 穿过中央气道到达肺泡通过数学 分析，台式实验和动物模型，我们建议调查 整体运输以及单独的大型航空公司内的运输， 小气道和肺泡。在每一种制度中， 控制丸剂及其成分的流动和运输的机制： 液体活塞流、重力引流、表面张力驱动流和肺泡 摄取。通过研究这些特定的制度， 我们将共同提供有关物理过程的新信息， 其控制滴注液体的输送。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): This proposal seeks to identify and evaluate the fundamental mechanisms for transport of liquids instilled into the lung. A liquid bolus instilled into the lung may occur under a variety of circumstances. The liquid may be a suspension of surfactants, a mixture of surfactants and drugs or genetic material, a perfluorocarbon, or a liquid with other constituents. Relevant applications are for surfactant replacement therapy, use of surfactants as a vehicle for drugs (e.g. for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) or for gene therapy, partial liquid ventilation, inadvertent liquid instillations such as aspiration and therapeutic and diagnostic broncho-alveolar lavage. The transport of liquids instilled into the lung depends on a combination of effects including physical forces, properties of the instilled liquid and its constituents, properties and physiologic status of the lung and its airways and pulmonary clearance mechanisms. Identification and quantification of these interplaying effects will provide a basis for developing reliable, predictable strategies for instilled-liquid delivery. The long term objectives of this work are: to investigate factors controlling the transport and delivery of such instilled liquids and constituents; to develop methods for predicting and controlling their time course and spatial distribution; to provide a rational basis for clinical applications and assessment of liquid + constituent delivery; to enhance the ability to control target selectivity in liquid bolus transport. The flow and transport of an instilled liquid bolus involves a number of physical regimes as the bolus traverses the central airways to the alveoli. By means of mathematical analysis, benchtop experiments and animal models, we propose to investigate overall transport as well as, individually, transport within the large airways, small airways and alveoli. Within each of these regimes there are dominant mechanisms controlling flow and transport of the bolus and its constituents: liquid plug flow, gravity drainage, surface-tension-driven flows and alveolar uptake. By investigating these particular regimes, individually and collectively, we will provide new information about the physical processes which govern transport for instilled liquids.