PERCEPTUAL CORRELATES OF REAR-END COLLISIONS AND AGE

美国每年发生150多万起追尾车祸，造成50多万人受伤。为了识别与这些事故相关的视觉和感知功能，我们开发了一种便携式的若隐若现测试，并增加了更多相同结构的现实测试。电池中的这些任务需要检测，判断和手动控制(a)深度运动，(b)横向深度运动，(c)自运动和(d)光信号。在第一阶段，通过从单一任务到复杂驾驶模拟的保真度的分级进展，我们能够证明(a)确定驾驶任务这方面涉及的关键性能元素，(b)确定受年龄和性别影响最大的任务元素，以及(c)选择那些最有希望通过训练进行修改的感知运动任务是可行的。我们发现，迫在眉睫的表现与更现实的迫在眉睫的任务（包括桌面驾驶模拟器）之间的年龄效应呈负相关。除了科学研究的潜力之外，该装置还可以应用于驾驶测试、执照颁发，也许还可以用于康复训练，它可能有助于融合和扩展视觉科学和衰老方面先前不相关的发现。建议的商业应用：我们相信，我们的实验室隐现测试和电池旧的更现实的任务将在与驾驶研究，驾驶测试和驾驶培训相关的老年人表现感兴趣的人群中找到广泛的市场。特别是，我们希望该设备能够补充现有的驾驶员评估和培训设备。还有其他应用领域：老年司机的信息和教育；训练（如果织机是可训练的）或对织机相关任务的替代驱动策略；选择某些职业（如果织机不能训练）。

Every year in the U.S., more than 1.5 million rear-end car accidents occur, injuring over 500,000 people. In order to identify the visual and perceptual functions related to these accidents, we developed a portable test of looming and added more realistic tests of the same construct. These tasks in the battery require the detection, judgment, and manual control of (a) motion in depth, (b) transverse movement in depth, (c) self-motion, and (d) light signals. In Phase I through a graded progression in fidelity from single tasks to a complex driving simulation, we were able to demonstrate that it is feasible to (a) identify the critical performance elements involved in this aspect of the driving task, (b) identify those task elements that are most affected by age and gender, and (c) select those perceptual-motor tasks that appear most promising for modification through training. We found that age effects showed negative correlations between looming performance and more realistic renditions of a looming task including a desk-top driving simulator. in addition to the potential for scientific investigations, the proposed apparatus has application for driver testing, licensing, and perhaps, rehabilitative training, and it may help to converge and extend previously unrelated findings in visual science and aging. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: We believe that our laboratory looming test and the battery old more realistic tasks will find a wide market among those interested in the performance of the elderly related to driving research, driver testing, and driver training. In particular, we expect the device to complement existing driver assessment and training devices. There are other areas of application: information and education of elderly drivers; training (if loom is trainable) or alternate driving strategies for loom dependent tasks; selection for certain occupations (if loom is not trainable).