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AUDITORY PROCESSING OF UNCERTAIN STIMULI

不确定刺激的听觉处理

基本信息

批准号：
6175000
负责人：
Donna L Neff
金额：
$ 13.77万
依托单位：
FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1990-12-01 至 2003-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6175000
关键词：
attention auditory discrimination auditory stimulus behavioral /social science research tag clinical research computational neuroscience cues human subject model design /development perceptual maskings performance psychoacoustics

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION: The long-term goal of this project is to understand the auditory processes that determine performance under conditions of stimulus uncertainty, that is, when one or more of the physical parameters of the sounds cannot be predicted. Stimulus uncertainty nearly always degrades performance, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. Previous work by this laboratory on effects of masker uncertainty, signal uncertainty, and combinations of signal and masker (context) uncertainty supports the hypothesis that relative stimulus variability is a major determinant of performance with uncertain stimuli. In the proposed studies, the first specific aim is to continue tests of whether stimuli with greater variability dominate performance, and to provide direct tests of the variability-based CoRe model of uncertainty effects. The four remaining specific aims examine higher-order, listener-based processes known to influence performance with complex stimuli. These aims will test: 1) whether manipulations that promote sound segregation reduce effects of frequency uncertainty; 2) whether general listening strategies differ across individuals and tasks; 3) whether listeners "weight" stimulus components of equal variability unequally, and whether non-optimal weights degrade performance; and 4) whether manipulations of listener expectations by instructions and payoff matrices can change performance. Experiments are grouped in four categories based on type of uncertainty and common measurement procedures: 1) studies of masker uncertainty using detections tasks; 2) studies of signal uncertainty using probe-signal tasks commonly used to assess higher-order processes; 3) studies of signal uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks, in which relative stimulus variation can be easily quantified; and 4) studies of combined signal and context (masker) uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks. Because stimulus uncertainty is inherent in everyday listening situations, these experiments will contribute to more realistic models of auditory processing that include important central processes, such as listener strategies and decision rules, as well as peripheral, stimulus-based processes.

描述：该项目的长期目标是了解决定刺激条件下表现的听觉过程 uncertainty, that is, when one or more of the physical parameters of the 声音无法预测。刺激的不确定性几乎总是会降低性能，有时会提高几个数量级。之前的作品 this laboratory on effects of masker uncertainty, signal uncertainty, and combinations of signal and masker (context) uncertainty supports the 假设相对刺激变异性是一个主要决定因素不确定刺激下的表现。在拟议的研究中，第一个 specific aim is to continue tests of whether stimuli with greater variability dominate performance, and to provide direct tests of the 基于变异性的不确定性影响 CoRe 模型。剩下的四个 specific aims examine higher-order, listener-based processes known to 用复杂的刺激影响表现。这些目标将测试：1) whether manipulations that promote sound segregation reduce effects of 频率不确定性； 2）一般听力策略是否存在不同个人和任务； 3) whether listeners "weight" stimulus components of 相同的变异性和不均匀的变异性，以及非最佳权重是否会退化表现; and 4) whether manipulations of listener expectations by instructions and payoff matrices can change performance. 实验是 grouped in four categories based on type of uncertainty and common 测量程序：1) 使用检测研究掩蔽不确定性任务； 2）通常使用探测信号任务来研究信号不确定性用于评估高阶过程； 3）信号不确定性的研究 using sample-discrimination tasks, in which relative stimulus variation can 易于量化； and 4) studies of combined signal and context (masker) 使用样本辨别任务的不确定性。因为刺激的不确定性 is inherent in everyday listening situations, these experiments will contribute to more realistic models of auditory processing that include important central processes, such as listener strategies and decision rules, 以及外围的、基于刺激的过程。