EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF MACHUPO VIRUS IN BOLIVIA

马丘波病毒(MV；Arenaviridae：Tacaribe VComplex；Machupo)是 玻利维亚出血热(BHF)病原体。MV是一种啮齿动物- 携带的、分段的、负义的RNA病毒，它共享许多复制的、 汉坦病毒属的病理生理和流行病学特征， 布尼亚病毒科。与汉坦病毒一样，除汉坦病毒外，每一种病毒 其中一种是由鼠科中特定的啮齿动物宿主窝藏的。更少就是 了解这些病毒/宿主的特性和地理特征 与汉坦病毒及其宿主之间的联系相比，汉坦病毒与其宿主之间的联系更为密切。 该项目将评估Machupo的流行率与 玻利维亚鼠类野生种群病毒感染与病毒感染的关系 人类土地利用格局与啮齿动物生态。使用以前收集的 标本，我们将研究鼠亚科Sigmodontinae的啮齿动物 来自玻利维亚各地的马丘波病毒抗体血清阳性率和 根据感染水平的差异来评估感染水平的任何变化 啮齿动物数量和栖息地的差异。病毒和鼠类蓄水池 将使用细胞遗传学和分子遗传学对物种进行表征 技巧。具体地说，我们建议检验以下假设：1) 人类BHF病例的分布是栖息地类型和 不是水库物种的地理分布，2)人类土地利用 包括玻利维亚北部栖息地干扰在内的模式有利于增加 MV水库物种的丰富，从而增加了人类 疾病是人类疾病的风险，以及3)啮齿动物的数量水平是 与MV血清阳性率呈正相关(例如，作为啮齿动物 人口密度的增加，感染人口的百分比 随着MV的增加)。这些数据将极大地扩展我们对MV和 我们对ARENA病毒的总体理解。

Machupo virus (MV; Arenaviridae: Tacaribe VComplex; Machupo) is the etiologic agent for Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (BHF). MV is a rodent- borne, segmented, negative-sense RNA virus that shares many replicative, pathophysiologic, and epidemiologic features with the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. As with hantaviruses, each arenavirus species except one is harbored by a specific rodent host in the family Muridae. Less is known about the specifics and geographic feature of these viral/host associations than for those of the hantaviruses and their hosts. This project will evaluate the relationship between prevalence of Machupo virus infection in wild populations of Bolivian rodents in relation to human land use patterns and rodent ecology. Using previously collected specimens, we will examine rodents of the murid subfamily Sigmodontinae from throughout Bolivia for seroprevalence of Machupo virus antibodies and evaluate any variation in levels of infection in light of differences in rodent abundance and difference in habitat. Viruses and rodent reservoir species will be characterized using cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques. Specifically, we propose to test the following hypotheses; 1) The distribution of human cases of BHF is a function of habitat type and not geographic distribution of the reservoir species, 2) Human land-use patterns including habitat disturbance in northern Bolivia favors increased abundance of MV reservoir species and thus increases the risk of human disease the risk of human disease, and 3) levels of rodent abundance are positively correlated with seroprevalence of MV (e.g., as rodent populations increase in density, the percentage of the population infected with MV increases). These data will greatly expand our knowledge of MV and our understanding of Arenaviruses in general.