N Govella, Ifakara Health Institute, Integrating intervention targetable behaviours of malaria vectors to optimize interventions selection and impact

N Govella，伊法卡拉健康研究所，整合疟疾病媒的干预目标行为，以优化干预措施选择和影响

• 批准号: MR/T008873/1
• 负责人: Heather Ferguson
• 金额: $ 100.99万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT008873%2F1
• 关键词: Govella; Ifakara; Health; Institute; Integrating

Malaria continues to impose a huge burden upon human health despite widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), improved diagnosis, and treatment. The global problem this study aims to address is the lack of understanding of the mosquito and human behaviours that limit the impact of existing malaria vector control interventions like ITNs, but which also create opportunities for new ones to achieve further gains. For example, human exposure persisting outdoors could be targeted with insecticide vapour emanators and vector mosquitoes that survive by feeding on livestock could be targeted with veterinary approaches. Like most other African countries, Tanzania has achieved great success in reducing malaria with widespread use of ITNs. However, many new cases and deaths still occur, with a wide range of regional variation, from 0 up to 27 people infected per 100 tested for malaria. It is highly likely that much of this geographic variability in malaria transmission arises from the exceptional variability of climatic conditions in Tanzania and knock-on effects on relevant behaviours of mosquitoes and humans.I therefore propose to identify, quantify and address the underlying behavioural causes of persisting malaria transmission in climatically distinct geographic strata, so that they can be optimally tackled with supplementary vector control measures. This problem has already been prioritized as an important question by the Government of Tanzania, acting through the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) with the aim of adjusting intervention choices according to the local context to maximize impact. Specifically, I will integrate intervention-targetable behaviours of mosquitoes (e.g. feeding early and outdoors when most people are still outside or feeding on non-human host) and humans (e.g. use or not use of ITNs, time spent outdoor in the evening) into existing nationally-representative longitudinal, community-based surveillance system that monitors vector densities and infection rates in 32 districts of Tanzania, to assess how these behaviours are shaped across wide distinct environmental conditions and provide insight on how interventions could be tailored to local conditions for maximum impact. This study will provide insights into which additional strategies are likely to be most effective on the basis of local vector ecology. This could be a game changer in the development of locally-tailored, highly effective mosquito control packages in Africa, which accelerate progress toward malaria elimination. It will also form the basis for improved policy and practice with respect to effective targeting of supplementary vector control measures.

尽管广泛使用经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）并改善了诊断和治疗，但疟疾仍然给人类健康带来巨大负担。这项研究旨在解决的全球性问题是缺乏对蚊子和人类行为的了解，这限制了现有疟疾媒介控制干预措施（如驱虫蚊帐）的影响，但也为新的干预措施取得进一步成果创造了机会。例如，人类持续暴露在户外的情况可以通过杀虫剂蒸汽发射器来针对，而通过以牲畜为食而生存的媒介蚊子可以通过兽医方法来针对。与大多数其他非洲国家一样，坦桑尼亚通过广泛使用驱虫蚊帐在减少疟疾方面取得了巨大成功。然而，许多新病例和死亡仍然发生，区域差异很大，每 100 人接受疟疾检测就有 0 人感染到 27 人不等。疟疾传播的地理变异很可能是由于坦桑尼亚气候条件的异常变化以及对蚊子和人类相关行为的连锁反应造成的。因此，我建议识别、量化和解决不同气候地理层中持续疟疾传播的根本行为原因，以便可以通过补充病媒控制措施最佳地解决这些问题。坦桑尼亚政府已将这一问题列为重要问题，通过国家疟疾控制计划（NMCP）采取行动，旨在根据当地情况调整干预措施选择，以最大限度地发挥影响。具体来说，我将把蚊子的干预目标行为（例如，当大多数人还在户外时，尽早在户外进食或以非人类宿主为食）和人类（例如，使用或不使用驱虫蚊帐、晚上在户外度过的时间）纳入现有的全国代表性纵向、基于社区的监测系统，该系统监测美国 32 个地区的病媒密度和感染率。 坦桑尼亚，评估这些行为如何在广泛的不同环境条件下形成，并提供有关如何根据当地条件调整干预措施以获得最大影响的见解。这项研究将深入了解在当地媒介生态学的基础上哪些额外策略可能最有效。这可能会改变非洲开发适合当地的高效蚊虫控制方案，从而加速消除疟疾的进程。它还将成为改进有效瞄准补充病媒控制措施的政策和实践的基础。

项目成果

Exploring activities and behaviours potentially increases school-age children's vulnerability to malaria infections in south-eastern Tanzania.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04703-2
• 发表时间: 2023-10-03
• 期刊: MALARIA JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Kihwele, Fadhila;Gavana, Tegemeo;Makungu, Christina;Msuya, Hajirani;Mlacha, Yeromin;Govella, Nicodem James;Chaki, Prosper Pius;Sunguya, Bruno Fokas
• 通讯作者: Sunguya, Bruno Fokas

Comparative evaluation of different versions of exposure-free mosquito electrocuting traps and barrier screen trap for monitoring outdoor densities and biting time phenotypes by malaria and filariasis vectors in Tanzania.

• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05549-4
• 发表时间: 2022-11-11
• 期刊: Parasites & vectors
• 影响因子: 3.2

Simplified binomial estimation of human malaria transmission exposure distributions based on hard classification of where and when mosquitoes are caught: statistical applications with off-the-shelf tools.

• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04884-2
• 发表时间: 2021-08-03
• 期刊: Parasites & vectors
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Killeen GF;Monroe A;Govella NJ
• 通讯作者: Govella NJ

Heritability of biting time behaviours in the major African malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04671-7
• 发表时间: 2023-08-16
• 期刊: MALARIA JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Govella, Nicodem J.;Johnson, Paul C. D.;Killeen, Gerry F.;Ferguson, Heather M.
• 通讯作者: Ferguson, Heather M.

Additional file 1 of Simplified binomial estimation of human malaria transmission exposure distributions based on hard classification of where and when mosquitoes are caught: statistical applications with off-the-shelf tools

基于蚊子捕捉地点和时间的硬分类的人类疟疾传播暴露分布的简化二项式估计的附加文件 1：使用现成工具的统计应用

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15102801
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Killeen G