Plant responses to a changing climate: linking leaf and global-scale analysis for future food security

植物对气候变化的反应：将叶子和全球范围的分析联系起来以实现未来的粮食安全

• 批准号: MR/T01993X/1
• 负责人: Holly Croft
• 金额: $ 135.77万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT01993X%2F1
• 关键词: Plant; responses; changing; climate; linking

Global agricultural production is required to double by 2050 to meet the demands of an increasing population and the challenges of a changing climate. Changing climatic conditions, including increasing temperatures, more variable precipitation, and drought are likely to put pressure on maintaining both high crop yields and a steady supply of food. On the other hand, assuming other factors are not limiting, rising atmospheric CO2 levels may lead to increased crop productivity, as the increased availability of carbon dioxide can promote enhanced rates of plant photosynthesis. The varying abilities of different crops or cultivars to adapt to water, temperature or nutrient pressures signifies the inherent resilience of a given agricultural system, and the likelihood and the degree to which they will be impacted by climate change. Understanding how current and future plant growth conditions affect crop yield is a major priority for ensuring food security, for adapting crop selection and management strategies and for guiding crop breeding programmes. The key challenge here is linking plant behaviour that can be measured at the leaf-level in the laboratory, to plant behaviour at the national or global scale, and predicting future behaviour under forecasted climate conditions. As environmental drivers operate and interact at multiple temporal and spatial scales, addressing this challenge will require transforming how we understand, monitor and predict plant responses to stress.Observations from satellites have revolutionised spatial ecology in recent years; making it possible to monitor ecological trends over large spatial scales, and to scale from the plant to the globe. Increasingly sophisticated instruments and techniques allow scientists to examine changing vegetation trends in response to climate change from satellites at unprecedented levels of accuracy. These advances have been made possible by sensor developments, an increasing archive of legacy satellite data, and new and emerging techniques such as solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, which has been shown to be closely related to plant productivity. Whilst still in its infancy, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence has shown potential to remotely monitor crop growth, using drones through to satellites. However, these remote sensing techniques must first be underpinned by a process-based understanding of the connections between the remote sensing signal and plant characteristics. In this research, controlled laboratory experiments will be used to understand how plant stress manifests in changes to the leaf biochemical and structural properties, and in turn, how optical reflectance signatures, can be used to measure these changes. These optical markers will then be used to 'scale up' our observations, first using drone technology at the field scale, and then and at national and global scales using satellite data. This remote sensing data on crop health will be used within sophisticated biosphere models to predict plant performance under current conditions and forecasted future conditions. These approaches in combination will provide a technological basis for a complete picture at different scales, to fully exploit the resources available for crop improvement. The overarching goal of the research is to assess the ability of nationally and globally important agricultural crops to maintain their growth and performance under different environmental stresses. This research will deploy a cutting-edge, cross-disciplinary approach using controlled growth chambers, novel remote sensing techniques and plant science methods to scale from the leaf to the globe, and provide a step-change understanding in the future pressures that crops may face in light of a changing climate and their underlying resilience.

到2050年，全球农业产量必须翻一番，以满足不断增长的人口需求和气候变化的挑战。不断变化的气候条件，包括气温升高、降水变化更大和干旱，可能会给维持高作物产量和稳定的粮食供应带来压力。另一方面，假设其他因素不受限制，大气中二氧化碳含量的上升可能导致作物产量的增加，因为二氧化碳的增加可以促进植物光合作用的提高。不同作物或品种对水、温度或养分压力的不同适应能力表明了特定农业系统的内在复原力，以及它们受到气候变化影响的可能性和程度。了解当前和未来的植物生长条件如何影响作物产量是确保粮食安全、调整作物选择和管理战略以及指导作物育种计划的一个主要优先事项。这里的关键挑战是将实验室中可以在叶片水平上测量的植物行为与国家或全球范围内的植物行为联系起来，并在预测的气候条件下预测未来的行为。由于环境驱动因素在多个时间和空间尺度上运作和相互作用，解决这一挑战将需要改变我们理解、监测和预测植物对压力反应的方式。近年来，卫星观测彻底改变了空间生态学；使监测大空间尺度上的生态趋势，以及从植物到全球的尺度成为可能。越来越复杂的仪器和技术使科学家能够以前所未有的精度从卫星上检查随着气候变化而变化的植被趋势。这些进步是由于传感器的发展、遗留卫星数据档案的不断增加以及新的和新兴的技术，如太阳诱导的叶绿素荧光，这已被证明与植物生产力密切相关。虽然太阳能诱导的叶绿素荧光技术仍处于起步阶段，但它已显示出利用无人机到卫星远程监测作物生长的潜力。然而，这些遥感技术必须首先以对遥感信号与植物特征之间联系的基于过程的理解为基础。在本研究中，将采用实验室控制实验来了解植物胁迫如何表现在叶片生化和结构特性的变化中，以及如何利用光学反射特征来测量这些变化。然后，这些光学标记将用于“扩大”我们的观测，首先在野外规模上使用无人机技术，然后在国家和全球范围内使用卫星数据。这些关于作物健康的遥感数据将用于复杂的生物圈模型，以预测当前条件下的植物性能和预测未来条件。这些方法结合起来将提供一个技术基础，以便在不同的尺度上全面了解情况，充分利用现有资源进行作物改良。该研究的总体目标是评估在不同环境胁迫下，国家和全球重要农作物保持其生长和性能的能力。本研究将采用一种尖端的跨学科方法，利用受控生长室、新型遥感技术和植物科学方法，从叶片扩展到全球，并提供对作物在气候变化及其潜在恢复能力下可能面临的未来压力的逐步变化理解。

项目成果

Inside-out: synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal-regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress.

由内而外：协同叶片生化特性与气孔调节的水通量，以增强非生物胁迫期间的蒸腾模型。

• DOI: 10.22541/au.169885897.78038079/v1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Caine R

Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25163-9
• 发表时间: 2021-08-11
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Luo X;Keenan TF;Chen JM;Croft H;Colin Prentice I;Smith NG;Walker AP;Wang H;Wang R;Xu C;Zhang Y
• 通讯作者: Zhang Y

Fine-scale leaf chlorophyll distribution across a deciduous forest through two-step model inversion from Sentinel-2 data

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112618
• 发表时间: 2021-08-05
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Li, Yingjie;Ma, Qingmiao;Liu, Jane
• 通讯作者: Liu, Jane