Plant responses to a changing climate: linking leaf and global-scale analysis for future food security

植物对气候变化的反应：将叶子和全球范围的分析联系起来以实现未来的粮食安全

• 批准号: MR/T01993X/1
• 负责人: Holly Croft
• 金额: $ 135.77万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT01993X%2F1
• 关键词: Plant; responses; changing; climate; linking

Global agricultural production is required to double by 2050 to meet the demands of an increasing population and the challenges of a changing climate. Changing climatic conditions, including increasing temperatures, more variable precipitation, and drought are likely to put pressure on maintaining both high crop yields and a steady supply of food. On the other hand, assuming other factors are not limiting, rising atmospheric CO2 levels may lead to increased crop productivity, as the increased availability of carbon dioxide can promote enhanced rates of plant photosynthesis. The varying abilities of different crops or cultivars to adapt to water, temperature or nutrient pressures signifies the inherent resilience of a given agricultural system, and the likelihood and the degree to which they will be impacted by climate change. Understanding how current and future plant growth conditions affect crop yield is a major priority for ensuring food security, for adapting crop selection and management strategies and for guiding crop breeding programmes. The key challenge here is linking plant behaviour that can be measured at the leaf-level in the laboratory, to plant behaviour at the national or global scale, and predicting future behaviour under forecasted climate conditions. As environmental drivers operate and interact at multiple temporal and spatial scales, addressing this challenge will require transforming how we understand, monitor and predict plant responses to stress.Observations from satellites have revolutionised spatial ecology in recent years; making it possible to monitor ecological trends over large spatial scales, and to scale from the plant to the globe. Increasingly sophisticated instruments and techniques allow scientists to examine changing vegetation trends in response to climate change from satellites at unprecedented levels of accuracy. These advances have been made possible by sensor developments, an increasing archive of legacy satellite data, and new and emerging techniques such as solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, which has been shown to be closely related to plant productivity. Whilst still in its infancy, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence has shown potential to remotely monitor crop growth, using drones through to satellites. However, these remote sensing techniques must first be underpinned by a process-based understanding of the connections between the remote sensing signal and plant characteristics. In this research, controlled laboratory experiments will be used to understand how plant stress manifests in changes to the leaf biochemical and structural properties, and in turn, how optical reflectance signatures, can be used to measure these changes. These optical markers will then be used to 'scale up' our observations, first using drone technology at the field scale, and then and at national and global scales using satellite data. This remote sensing data on crop health will be used within sophisticated biosphere models to predict plant performance under current conditions and forecasted future conditions. These approaches in combination will provide a technological basis for a complete picture at different scales, to fully exploit the resources available for crop improvement. The overarching goal of the research is to assess the ability of nationally and globally important agricultural crops to maintain their growth and performance under different environmental stresses. This research will deploy a cutting-edge, cross-disciplinary approach using controlled growth chambers, novel remote sensing techniques and plant science methods to scale from the leaf to the globe, and provide a step-change understanding in the future pressures that crops may face in light of a changing climate and their underlying resilience.

到2050年，全球农业生产必须翻一番，以满足人口增加以及气候变化的挑战的需求。变化的气候条件，包括升高温度，降水量越来越多，干旱可能会施加压力，以维持高农作物产量和稳定的食物供应。另一方面，假设其他因素不是限制，大气中的二氧化碳水平上升可能会提高作物生产率，因为二氧化碳的可用性增加可以促进植物光合作用的增强速率。不同农作物或品种适应水，温度或养分压力的不同能力表示给定农业系统的固有弹性，以及可能受到气候变化影响的可能性和程度。了解当前和未来的植物生长状况如何影响作物产量是确保粮食安全，适应作物选择和管理策略以及指导作物育种计划的主要优先事项。这里的主要挑战是将可以在实验室的叶片级别上测量的植物行为联系起来，以在国家或全球范围内的植物行为，并预测预测的气候条件下的未来行为。随着环境驱动因素在多个时间和空间尺度上进行操作和相互作用，应对这一挑战将需要改变我们理解，监测和预测植物对压力的反应的方式。近年来，卫星的观察彻底改变了空间生态。可以在大空间尺度上监测生态趋势，并从植物到地球范围。越来越复杂的仪器和技术使科学家能够以前所未有的准确性水平来响应卫星的气候变化来检查植被趋势的变化。传感器开发，越来越多的传统卫星数据档案以及新的和新兴的技术，例如太阳能诱导的叶绿素荧光，这已被证明与植物生产力密切相关，从而实现了这些进步。虽然仍处于起步阶段，但太阳能诱导的叶绿素荧光显示出了远程监测农作物生长的潜力，并使用无人机直通卫星。但是，这些遥感技术必须首先以基于过程的理解对遥感信号和植物特性之间的联系进行基础。在这项研究中，将使用受控的实验室实验来了解植物应力如何在叶子生化和结构特性变化中表现出来，进而，光学反射率特征如何用于测量这些变化。然后，这些光学标记将用于“扩展”我们的观察结果，首先在现场尺度上使用无人机技术，然后使用卫星数据在国家和全球范围内进行无人机技术。关于农作物健康的遥感数据将在复杂的生物圈模型中使用，以预测当前条件和预测未来条件的植物性能。结合这些方法将为不同尺度的完整图片提供技术基础，以充分利用可用于作物改善的资源。这项研究的总体目标是评估在不同环境压力下保持全国和全球重要农作物的生长和绩效的能力。这项研究将使用受控的生长室，新颖的遥感技术和植物科学方法来部署尖端的跨学科方法，以从叶子到世界，并在未来的压力中提供逐步的理解，这些压力可能会鉴于气候变化及其潜在的弹性可能会面临着作物面临的。

项目成果

Inside-out: synergising leaf biochemical traits with stomatal-regulated water fluxes to enhance transpiration modelling during abiotic stress.

由内而外：协同叶片生化特性与气孔调节的水通量，以增强非生物胁迫期间的蒸腾模型。

• DOI: 10.22541/au.169885897.78038079/v1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Caine R

Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25163-9
• 发表时间: 2021-08-11
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Luo X;Keenan TF;Chen JM;Croft H;Colin Prentice I;Smith NG;Walker AP;Wang H;Wang R;Xu C;Zhang Y
• 通讯作者: Zhang Y

Fine-scale leaf chlorophyll distribution across a deciduous forest through two-step model inversion from Sentinel-2 data

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112618
• 发表时间: 2021-08-05
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Li, Yingjie;Ma, Qingmiao;Liu, Jane
• 通讯作者: Liu, Jane