ALCOHOL EXPOSURE, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT

酒精暴露、社会行为和发展

• 批准号: 2894198
• 负责人: Sandra J Kelly
• 金额: $ 20.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-08 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2894198
• 关键词: aggression; animal developmental psychology; avoidance behavior; behavioral /social science research tag; disease /disorder model; embryo /fetus toxicology; ethanol; fetal alcohol syndrome; gender difference; isolation /deprivation; laboratory rat; motivation; social behavior

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) People with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) exhibit striking deficits in social behavior; these alterations in social behavior are independent of changes in intelligence and may be very damaging with respect to day-to-day functioning. The goal of this proposal is to use a model of FAS in which the rat is exposed to alcohol during development to investigate the mechanism by which alcohol alters social behaviors in the rat. The model that is used is novel and exposes rats to alcohol during all three trimester equivalents or, in other words, during both the prenatal and postnatal periods. The first set of experiments characterizes the model by comparing the effects of alcohol exposure during both the prenatal and postnatal period to exposure during the first half of the prenatal period alone, the second half of the prenatal period alone, and the postnatal period alone on activity, passive avoidance learning and spatial learning. After characterizing the model in the first year, the next two years examine the effect of alcohol exposure during development on social motivation. The second set of experiments focuses on the social motivation in an affiliative context. The experiments use distress vocalizations under different conditions of isolation, running speed to gain access to a conspecific after varying degrees of social deprivation, and social preference for conspecifics with different levels of aggressiveness. The third set of experiments examines social motivation in an aggressive context using the resident/intruder paradigm for both males and females; the motivation is varied by changing the context in which the aggression occurs. All of the experiments on social motivation use the additive factors technique to tease apart effects on motivation from effects on perception or the response mechanism; generally this technique examines the behavior under varying degrees of motivation and predicts that if groups differ in social motivation, then they will differ in how their behavior is altered by alterations in the level of social motivation. Female rats exposed to alcohol during development are predicted to have enhanced social motivation whereas male rats exposed to alcohol during development are predicted to have deceased social motivation.

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）胎儿 酒精综合征（FAS）在社会行为方面表现出明显的缺陷;这些 社会行为的改变与智力的变化无关 并且可能对日常功能非常有害。 目标 该建议的一个重要方面是使用FAS模型，其中大鼠暴露于 酒精在发展过程中，以调查机制，酒精 改变老鼠的社会行为。 所使用的模型是新颖的， 在所有三个月的等效时间内将大鼠暴露于酒精中，或者在其他情况下， 也就是说，在产前和产后时期。 第一组 实验通过比较酒精的影响来表征模型 在产前和产后期间的暴露， 仅在产前的前半段， 孕期单独活动，产后单独活动，被动回避 学习和空间学习。 在第一次描述模型之后， 在接下来的两年里，研究人员将研究酒精暴露对健康的影响。 社会动机的发展。 第二组实验的重点是 在亲和的背景下的社会动机。 实验使用 在不同的隔离条件下， 速度，以获得访问同种后，不同程度的社会 剥夺和社会偏好的同种不同程度的 侵略性 第三组实验考察了 一个侵略性的背景下使用居民/入侵者范式为双方的男性 和女性;动机是不同的，通过改变上下文，其中 侵略发生了。 所有关于社会动机的实验都使用 将动机的影响因素从影响因素中分离出来的附加因素技术 在感知或反应机制;一般来说，这种技术检查 不同程度的动机下的行为，并预测，如果群体 不同的社会动机，那么他们的行为将不同， 社会动机水平的改变也会改变。 雌性大鼠 在发育过程中暴露于酒精， 而在发育过程中暴露于酒精的雄性大鼠 被预测会丧失社会动机