ANATOMICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE

语言的解剖基础

• 批准号: 6112197
• 负责人: HANNA C. DAMASIO
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6112197
• 关键词: aphasia; behavioral /social science research tag; brain disorder diagnosis; brain injury; brain mapping; clinical research; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; language; language disorders; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; parietal lobe /cortex; temporal lobe /cortex

The overall goal of this project remains the delineation of neural systems underlying language, by means of special experiments conducted in patients with focal brain damage. The first specific aim is to map the neural basis of the lexicon. The studies focus on the systems supporting lexical access, which we hypothesize to be based on left temporal cortices. The second specific aim relates to the processing of visuomotor linguistic signs, such as those used in American Sign Language (ASL). We will investigate the neural systems required for representing and accessing such signs, by studying the acquisition of ASL lexicon in hearing patients with a wide range of focal damage in left and right hemispheres. Also, we will continue to assess the clinical value of traditional diagnostic categories of aphasia, by investigating the consistency of anatomo-clinical correlations in our database, and to study the neural basis of auditory perception. The results will contribute to a more precise formulation of the neural basis of language, at systems level, and in particular, to further specification of the neural and cognitive architectures pertaining to lexical access and lexical representation. The results will shed light on the diagnosis and physiopathology of the aphasias, and assist in the development of programs to rehabilitate the large number of stroke and head injury victims who develop language impairments. Our approach capitalizes on the unique opportunities afforded by the study of adult humans with focal brain injury, and seeks to advance knowledge of language at both the neural and psychological levels.

这个项目的总体目标仍然是描绘神经系统 通过在患者中进行的特殊实验， 有局部脑损伤 第一个具体的目标是映射神经基础 的词典。 这些研究集中在支持词汇的系统上 访问，我们假设这是基于左颞叶皮层。 的 第二个具体目标涉及视觉语言的处理 美国手语（American Sign Language，ASL） 我们将 研究代表和访问这些信息所需的神经系统 通过研究听力障碍患者的美国手语词汇习得， 左右半球都有大范围的病灶性损伤 我们亦会 继续评估传统诊断类别的临床价值 失语症，通过调查解剖-临床的一致性， 相关性，并研究听觉的神经基础， perception. 这些结果将有助于更精确地制定神经 语言的基础上，在系统层面，特别是，进一步 神经和认知架构的规范， 词汇通达和词汇表征。 研究结果将揭示 失语症的诊断和病理生理学，并协助 制定计划，以恢复大量的中风和头部 有语言障碍的受伤者。 我们的方法 对成年人的研究所提供的独特机会， 局灶性脑损伤，并寻求提高语言知识，在这两个 神经和心理层面。