The Future of Good Decisions: An Evolutionary Approach to Human-AI Government Administrative Decision-Making

良好决策的未来：人类-人工智能政府行政决策的进化方法

• 批准号: MR/W012014/1
• 负责人: Connal Parsley
• 金额: $ 129.67万
• 依托单位: University of Kent
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FW012014%2F1
• 关键词: Future; Good; Decisions; Evolutionary; Approach

Administrative decision-making is a core aspect of government, affecting our daily lives. Decisions, such as assessing visa applications or calculating social security entitlements, are regulated by law that ensures decision-makers use their power lawfully and fairly. This reflects 'rule of law' values, aiming to make governance accountable, fair and transparent. At the practical level, these values are upheld by 'good decisions' protocols that guide individual decision-makers to be impartial, thorough and rational. But decision-making is undergoing a 'quiet revolution'. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to make administrative decisions more effective in a technologizing world, concern is growing over its incompatibility with the rule of law. The scale, speed, complexity and decentralisation of big data, neural networks and algorithms disrupt the central procedural expectations of human decision-making and current 'good decisions' guidance, being difficult to examine with the human brain. Work is underway to reshape some aspects of AI in government, to minimise bias and maximise transparency. But leading scholars suggest a deeper problem: our rule of law values are incompatible with algorithmic technology at a basic level-yet these are the only standards we have for evaluating government decisions.This research will ask: how can our ideas of 'good decisions' evolve for a government where humans and AI increasingly 'co-decide'? Legal systems have seen radical change in the past; absorbing new technologies like the printing press, or modern scientific reasoning. Good government has often involved asking what it means to be human, and how to design institutions accordingly. But today, these problems have a different complexion. The arrival of AI makes it urgent to rethink not only the quality of reasoning in decisions, but the basic idea of decisions as the product of individual human thought, immune from the technological and material sphere. This will be ever less sustainable as the physical, digital and biological continue to blur. What will be the next evolution in the way we make and evaluate decisions, for the good governance of a new 'techno-social' life?This fellowship will unite the interdisciplinary knowledge and methods necessary to deeply rethink and redesign the central notion of 'good decisions', for a coming age without clear oppositions between humans and technology, law and designed systems. Understanding AI's disruption to deliberative governance as evolutionary change, it embraces the need for a new 'ecological' view of law as emerging from social networks, and connected to fundamental principles of life. It will enlist rich literatures from the philosophy of evolution, legal theory and critical AI studies to retheorise decision-making, and leverage practical approaches in the creative sphere to explore new procedural and technological models for decisions. It will lead experts from across law, science, government and the humanities to test and collaboratively remake these models, using 'prefigurative' 'Live Action Role Play' methods to learn how decision design, regulation and evaluation might work in a networked, digital public. Making a major advance in legal theory, this research will underpin practical change by carefully rethinking decision-making's normative foundations. It will integrate its insights into contemporary legal doctrine and government practice with guidance from expert lawyers and judges, leading the way to concrete improvements in governance for the digital age.This fellowship will lead the coordinated intellectual, creative, collaborative and practical change that is necessary to confront the challenge - and opportunity - that AI presents for governance. It will tell a compelling new story about the co-evolution of humans, law and technology, and equip a new generation of thinkers to work with an integrated view of law, science, technology and culture.

行政决策是政府工作的核心环节，影响着我们的日常生活。评估签证申请或计算社会保障权利等决定受法律监管，以确保决策者合法和公平地使用他们的权力。这反映了“法治”价值观，旨在使治理负责任，公平和透明。在实践层面，这些价值观得到了“良好决策”协议的维护，这些协议指导个人决策者做到公正、彻底和理性。但决策正在经历一场“静悄悄的革命”。随着人工智能（AI）越来越多地用于使行政决策在技术化的世界中更加有效，人们越来越担心它与法治的不相容性。大数据、神经网络和算法的规模、速度、复杂性和分散性破坏了人类决策的核心程序预期和当前的“良好决策”指导，难以用人类大脑进行检查。目前正在努力重塑政府中人工智能的某些方面，以最大限度地减少偏见并最大限度地提高透明度。但一些知名学者提出了一个更深层次的问题：我们的法治价值观与算法技术在基本层面上是不相容的--但这些是我们评估政府决策的唯一标准。这项研究将提出这样一个问题：在人类和人工智能越来越多地“共同决策”的政府中，我们对“好决策”的看法如何演变？法律的体系在过去经历了根本性的变化;吸收了印刷机或现代科学推理等新技术。一个好的政府往往需要问自己，作为人类意味着什么，以及如何相应地设计制度。但今天，这些问题有了不同的面貌。人工智能的到来不仅迫切需要重新思考决策中推理的质量，而且还迫切需要重新思考决策作为人类个体思维的产物、不受技术和物质领域影响的基本理念。随着物理、数字和生物的继续模糊，这将越来越不可持续。为了对新的“技术社会”生活进行良好的治理，我们做出和评估决策的方式的下一个演变是什么？该奖学金将结合必要的跨学科知识和方法，以深入反思和重新设计“良好决策”的中心概念，为未来时代，人类与技术，法律和设计系统之间没有明确的对立。将人工智能对审慎治理的破坏理解为进化变化，它需要一种新的“生态”法律观，这种法律观来自社交网络，并与生活的基本原则相联系。它将从进化哲学，法律的理论和批判性人工智能研究中获得丰富的文献，以重新理论化决策，并利用创意领域的实用方法来探索新的决策程序和技术模型。它将带领来自法律、科学、政府和人文学科的专家测试和协作改造这些模型，使用“预喻”的“现场角色扮演”方法，学习决策设计、监管和评估如何在网络化的数字公众中发挥作用。这项研究在法律的理论方面取得了重大进展，它将通过仔细反思决策的规范基础来支持实际的变革。它将在专家律师和法官的指导下，将其见解融入当代法律的学说和政府实践，引领数字时代治理的具体改进。该奖学金将引领应对人工智能为治理带来的挑战和机遇所必需的协调的智力，创造性，协作和实践变革。它将讲述一个关于人类，法律和技术共同进化的引人注目的新故事，并使新一代思想家能够以法律，科学，技术和文化的综合观点进行工作。