TOLERANCE TO ALUMINUM IN SOIL BY MYCORRHIZAL & NON MYCORRHIZAL PINES

文献中描述植物的报告数量 对Al3暴露的反应反映了一种广泛和日益增长的担忧 关于Al3释放的影响。释放出这种潜在的有毒物质 元素可以通过几个过程发生，包括深刻的 煤矿开采或“酸雨”等环境干扰。我们 建议检验一种共生真菌--豌豆属 在松树根上种植药酒可提高苗木的耐受性 从而提高植物在毒素后的存活率 曝光。包括磁共振成像(MRI AS)等新技术 用于医学诊断)和完整植物的核磁共振波谱 将被用来评估真菌和毒素暴露对 根的生长、周转、建筑和化学。超微结构 还将确定Al和P的变化和局部化。 接种唐松茸的苗木在两个矿场种植 也将进行研究，目的是确认一种有益的效果 共生真菌在促进生态系统修复中的作用。特定的 贡献包括：1)根生长、体系结构的动态视图 和周转作为Al3暴露和菌根的函数 定殖，2)完整根中铝化学成分的测定，3) Al_3对磷代谢影响的测定 5)超微结构信息与元素定位的相关性 来自田间树的信息，6)确认P。 在为寄主提供保护免受Al3毒害方面， 7)27Al核磁共振波谱技术的进一步发展 可以扩展到更多的研究。

The number of reports within the literature describing plant response to Al3+ exposure reflects a widespread and growing concern about the effects of Al3+ release. Release of this potentially toxic element can occur through several processes, including profound environmental disturbance such as coal mining or "acid rain". We propose to test the hypothesis that the a symbioticfungus Pisolithus tinctorius growing on pine roots will increase tolerance of seedlings to Al3+, and thus will increase plant survival following toxin exposure. New techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI as is used for medical diagnostics) and NMR spectroscopy of intact plants will be used to assess the effect of the fungus and toxin exposure on root growth, turnover and architecture and chemistry. Ultrastructural changes and localization of Al and P will also be determined. Seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius and planted on two mine sites will also be studied, with the goal of confirming a beneficial effect of the symbiotic fungus in promoting ecosystem restoration. Specific contributions include: 1) dynamic views of root growth, architecture and turnover as a function of Al3+ exposure and mycorrhizal colonization, 2) determination of Al chemistry within intact roots, 3) determination of the effects of Al3+ on P metabolism 4) ultrastructural information and elemental localization, 5) correlative information from field trees, 6) confirmation of the role of P. tinctorius in providing protection to the host against Al3+ toxicity, and 7) further development of 27Al NMR spectroscopic technology which can be extended to additional studies.