Building Habitable Worlds

建设宜居世界

• 批准号: MR/Y034333/1
• 负责人: Ashley King
• 金额: $ 73.83万
• 依托单位: Natural History Museum
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FY034333%2F1
• 关键词: Building; Habitable; Worlds

The Solar System formed from the collapse of a molecular cloud of gas and dust ~4.6 billion years ago. But how did that gas and dust coalesce into the Sun and eight planets that we see today? What processes and events led to the formation of habitable planets like the Earth? And how do conditions at the birth of the Solar System compare to what we see in other planetary systems? I will answer these questions by studying meteorites and extraterrestrial samples returned by space missions, rocky time capsules that can be used to probe the earliest stages of Solar System formation and the evolution of planets.Water may have been delivered to habitable planets by asteroids. Two space missions, JAXA's Hayabusa2 and NASA's OSIRIS-REx, have successfully returned to Earth with samples of the water-rich asteroids Ryugu and Bennu, respectively. In addition, the fall of the Winchcombe meteorite provided the UK with complementary materials from the early Solar System. I will study the mineralogy and composition of Ryugu, Bennu, and fresh hydrated meteorites to understand the aqueous and thermal history of primitive water-rich asteroids and constrain the nature and distribution of volatiles in the protoplanetary disk.In the last decade new computer models and the detection of exoplanets have shown that planetary systems are dramatically shaped by giant planet migration. In the Solar System, the inward and outward movement of Jupiter and Saturn caused turbulence and widespread mixing of materials from the inner and outer regions of the protoplanetary disk. I will use hypervelocity impact experiments to reproduce this mixing and determine how much water was retained in planetary surfaces following asteroid impacts.Some meteorites come from asteroids that have remained dormant throughout their history and preserve minerals that were once swirling around the newly forming Sun. I will investigate presolar grains that condensed around ancient stars to understand their role in the formation and evolution of organic matter in interstellar space and the first stages of accretion within the Solar System.

太阳系是46亿年前由气体和尘埃组成的分子云坍缩而形成的。但这些气体和尘埃是如何凝聚成我们今天看到的太阳和八颗行星的呢？什么样的过程和事件导致了像地球这样的宜居行星的形成？太阳系诞生时的条件与我们在其他行星系统中看到的条件相比如何？我将通过研究陨石和太空任务带回的外星样本来回答这些问题，这些岩石时间胶囊可以用来探测太阳系形成和行星演化的最早阶段。水可能是由小行星运送到可居住的行星上的。两个太空任务，JAXA的隼鸟2号和NASA的OSIRIS-REx号，分别成功地带回了富含水的小行星龙宫和贝努的样本。此外，温奇库姆陨石的坠落为英国提供了早期太阳系的补充材料。我将研究Ryugu， Bennu和新鲜水合陨石的矿物学和组成，以了解原始富水小行星的水和热历史，并约束原行星盘中挥发物的性质和分布。在过去的十年里，新的计算机模型和对系外行星的探测表明，行星系统受到巨大行星迁移的极大影响。在太阳系中，木星和土星向内和向外的运动引起了原行星盘内外区域的湍流和广泛的物质混合。我将使用超高速撞击实验来重现这种混合，并确定在小行星撞击后，行星表面保留了多少水。有些陨石来自小行星，这些小行星在它们的历史中一直处于休眠状态，保存着曾经在新形成的太阳周围旋转的矿物质。我将研究凝结在古代恒星周围的前太阳系颗粒，以了解它们在星际空间有机物的形成和演化以及太阳系内吸积的第一阶段所起的作用。