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Making Habitable Worlds: The Formation and Evolution of Moons and Planets

创造宜居世界：卫星和行星的形成和演化

基本信息

批准号：
ST/V000799/1
负责人：
Peter Grindrod
金额：
$ 50.69万
依托单位：
Natural History Museum
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV000799%2F1
关键词：
Making Habitable Worlds Formation Evolution

项目摘要

Our Solar System - the Sun orbited by 8 planets and their moons, formed 4.6 Gyr ago from a cloud of dust and gas. Since then it has undergone amazing changes, from the formation of planetary bodies and their moons, the geological evolution of these bodies and the emergence of life. We will study all of these processes using a multi-pronged approach involving laboratory measurements of rocks from space (meteorites) and planetary analogue material, and analysis of images and data returned from spacecraft. We can learn about the early stages of the solar system's history by studying meteorites that originated in rocky asteroids. Some asteroids have remained rather dormant throughout their history, and preserve the very materials that were once swirling around the newly forming Sun. We propose to study both the high-temperature formed platinum group element nuggets as well as the more fragile organic components to learn about the primordial soup from which the solar system emerged.The presence and action of water is not limited to the Earth, asteroids and comets. Missions to Mars have revealed its surface to be strewn with water-bearing minerals but have yet to return samples that we can study in the laboratory. We are fortunate to have a selection of meteorites that originated on Mars in our collection, and we plan to study these to learn about the action of water during its recent history, using Li isotopes, a tool that has been used successfully for studying the action of water on Earth but not yet been used for Mars samples. The planet Mars has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos. However there is no consensus about how these objects formed. By analysing meteorites that may be analogous to the martian moons, we will help constrain their composition and therefore their origins. An important process throughout the solar system is impacts between bodies. Looking up to the Moon one can see how vital cratering was to its history, and the same holds for all the planets in the solar system. We can measure the age of planetary surfaces from the number of craters on them. By looking at the very recent processes and changes that are happening on the Moon very recently we can make the crater counting technique more accurate. It is a key part of our work to communicate our research to diverse audiences especially including school students, and to exchange information with our academic, governmental and industrial colleagues.

我们的太阳系--太阳由8颗行星及其卫星组成，4.6 Gyr前由一团尘埃和气体组成。从那时起，它经历了令人惊叹的变化，从行星体及其卫星的形成，到这些天体的地质演化和生命的出现。我们将多管齐下地研究所有这些过程，包括对太空岩石(陨石)和行星类物质的实验室测量，以及对航天器返回的图像和数据的分析。我们可以通过研究起源于岩石小行星的陨石来了解太阳系历史的早期阶段。一些小行星在它们的历史上一直处于休眠状态，保存着曾经围绕新形成的太阳旋转的物质。我们建议既研究高温形成的铂族元素块，也研究更脆弱的有机成分，以了解太阳系起源的原始汤。水的存在和作用并不局限于地球、小行星和彗星。前往火星的任务揭示了它的表面散布着含水的矿物，但尚未返回我们可以在实验室研究的样本。幸运的是，我们的收藏中有一些起源于火星的陨石，我们计划利用锂同位素对这些陨石进行研究，以了解水在其近代史上的作用。锂同位素是一种工具，已成功用于研究水在地球上的作用，但尚未用于火星样本。火星上有两颗小卫星，火卫二和土卫二。然而，关于这些天体是如何形成的，目前还没有达成共识。通过分析可能与火星卫星相似的陨石，我们将有助于限制它们的成分，从而限制它们的起源。整个太阳系的一个重要过程是天体之间的碰撞。仰望月球，人们可以看到陨石坑对它的历史是多么重要，太阳系中的所有行星也是如此。我们可以从行星表面上的陨石坑的数量来测量它们的年龄。通过观察月球上最近发生的过程和变化，我们可以使陨石坑计数技术更加准确。将我们的研究成果传达给不同的受众，特别是学生，并与学术界、政府和工业界的同事交流信息，这是我们工作的关键部分。