SMOKING ADDICTION AND HIGHER LEVEL COGNITIVE PROCESSES

吸烟成瘾和高级认知过程

• 批准号: 6174742
• 负责人: ROLF A ZWAAN
• 金额: $ 7.46万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-11 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6174742
• 关键词: behavioral habituation /sensitization; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; drug habituation; human subject; language; memory; neural information processing; performance; psychological tests; semantics; smoking; smoking cessation; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The general aims of this project are to gain further insight into (1) the effects of cigarette smoking and smoking urges on higher-level cognitive processes, particularly working memory and language comprehension and (2) the acquisition and potential decay (after smoking cessation) of the memory representations involved in the creation and maintenance of smoking urges. The theoretical framework of this research consists of cue reactivity theories of drug urges and multi-component models of working memory. In this framework, drug urges are conceptualized as the result of the activation of smoking-related memory representations that, once activated by a cue, are difficult to suppress for the addict, whereby the activity of suppression may lead to interference with cognitive processes such as working memory operations used in language comprehension. Research conducted by the principal investigator as part of a B/START grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse provides initial support for this hypothesis in showing that smoking urges interfere with sentence comprehension. This research has also raised several new questions that the current proposal is intended to address. First, it is not clear at this point with which sentence comprehension processes in working memory smoking urges interfere. Two possibilities are that smoking urges interfere with the central executive, which allocates processing resources or with the phonological loop, which briefly stores verbal information. Second, it is not known at this point how long the cognitive effects of smoking urges persist. Third, although smoking urges may affect the comprehension of unrelated sentences, nothing is known about how smoking urges affect complex and more ecologically valid language comprehension tasks, such as text comprehension. Fourth, nothing is known about how the memory bias that may lead to smoking urges is acquired by smokers and about whether and how this bias decays after smoking cessation. The proposed project will systematically address these questions. This project has substantial theoretical and practical relevance. In the theoretical arena, it will greatly enhance our understanding of the effects of smoking urges on cognitive processing, as well as our understanding of the factors affecting the acquisition and decay of memory representations supporting smoking urges. In the practical arena, the project will provide insight into the potentially harmful effects of smoking urges on educationally relevant tasks. It might furthermore lead to the development of a cognitive tool for assessing smoking addiction.

描述：（申请人摘要） 该项目的总体目标是进一步深入了解（1） 吸烟和吸烟冲动对高级认知的影响 过程，特别是工作记忆和语言理解以及（2） 记忆的获得和潜在的衰退（戒烟后） 参与产生和维持吸烟欲望的陈述。 本研究的理论框架包括线索反应性 药物冲动理论和工作记忆的多成分模型。 在 在这个框架中，毒品冲动被概念化为 与吸烟相关的记忆表征的激活，一旦被激活 一种暗示，对于成瘾者来说很难抑制，因此 抑制可能会导致认知过程受到干扰，例如 语言理解中使用的工作记忆操作。 作为 B/START 资助的一部分，由首席研究员进行的研究 国家药物滥用研究所对此提供了初步支持 假设表明吸烟冲动会干扰判决 理解。 这项研究还提出了一些新问题 当前的提案旨在解决。 首先，这方面并不清楚 工作记忆吸烟中句子理解过程的要点 敦促干涉。 有两种可能：吸烟冲动会干扰 中央执行机构，分配处理资源或与 语音循环，短暂存储口头信息。 其次，它是 目前尚不清楚吸烟对认知的影响会持续多久 坚持。 第三，尽管吸烟的冲动可能会影响对事物的理解。 不相关的句子，对于吸烟冲动如何影响复杂的情况一无所知 以及更生态有效的语言理解任务，例如文本 理解。 第四，对于记忆偏差如何可能产生的影响，我们一无所知。 吸烟者是否会产生吸烟的冲动，以及这种情况是否以及如何发生 戒烟后偏见就会消失。 拟议的项目将 系统地解答这些问题。 该项目具有重要的理论和实践意义。 在 理论领域，它将大大增强我们对效果的理解 吸烟对认知处理的影响，以及我们对事物的理解 影响记忆表征的获取和衰退的因素 支持吸烟的冲动。 在实际应用中，该项目将提供 深入了解吸烟欲望的潜在有害影响 教育相关的任务。 它还可能进一步导致发展 评估吸烟成瘾的认知工具。