CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE DURING DROSOPHILA DEVELOPMENT

果蝇发育过程中的染色体结构

• 批准号: 6151031
• 负责人: ROBERT L GLASER
• 金额: $ 10.31万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6151031
• 关键词: DNA; Drosophilidae; developmental genetics; genetic mapping; heterochromatin; nucleic acid hybridization; nucleic acid sequence; nucleic acid structure; ovary; salivary glands; southern blotting

Chromosomes are DNA molecules that contain the genetic blueprint of an organism. Maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomes is essential for the normal growth and differentiation of all eukaryotic organisms. Aberrations in chromosome structure are a hallmark of many congenital abnormalities and genetic diseases of humans. Many significant questions remain concerning the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. The long-term objective of this research is to elucidate the large-scale euchromatic-heterochromatic domain structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, and determine how interactions between these domains can alter chromosome structure during development. A small, molecularly-tractable model chromosome, the 1300 kb Dp (1;f) 1187 mini chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster provides a unique opportunity to address previously inaccessible questions about chromosome structure. Initial studies have already demonstrated that restriction fragments of Dp (1;f) 1187 that cross euchromatic-heterochromatic functions and extend into heterochromatic domains have highly unusual properties including being selectively retained in agarose gels during DNA-blotting protocols and undergoing structural changes that alter fragment size. These properties vary between tissues both quantitatively and qualitatively. The specific aim of this research will be to extend these observations and: 1) determine the structure of Dp (1;f) 1187 in tissues of differing chromosome structure including polyploid, polytene, diploid and haploid chromosomes; 2) determine the generality of the initial observations by characterizing the properties of heterochromatic regions of the normal chromosome complement and 3) determine the molecular basis for the unusual physical properties of Dp (1;f) 1187 heterochromatic DNA. The novel nature of observations already made using this system suggest that continued analysis will reveal unanticipated aspects of DNA and chromosome structure of broad significance.

染色体是DNA分子，包含一个基因的遗传蓝图。 有机体保持染色体结构的完整性是至关重要的 所有真核生物的正常生长和分化。 染色体结构的畸变是许多先天性 人类的异常和遗传疾病。 关于真核生物的结构， 染色体这项研究的长期目标是阐明 真核生物大尺度常染色质-异染色质结构域 染色体，并确定这些结构域之间的相互作用如何 在发育过程中改变染色体结构。 一个小的、分子上易处理的模型染色体，1300 kb Dp（1;f）1187 黑腹果蝇的微型染色体提供了一个独特的机会 来解决以前无法解决的关于染色体结构的问题 初步研究已经证明，Dp的限制性片段 （1;f）1187，其跨越常染色质-异染色质功能并延伸 具有极不寻常的特性， 在DNA印迹过程中选择性地保留在琼脂糖凝胶中 并经历改变片段大小的结构变化。这些 组织之间的性质在数量和质量上都有所不同。的 这项研究具体目标是扩大这些观察，并： 1)确定Dp（1;f）1187在不同组织中的结构 染色体结构包括多倍体、多线、二倍体和单倍体 染色体; 2)通过表征确定初始观测的一般性 正常染色体异染色质区的性质 补充和 3)确定Dp异常物理性质的分子基础 （1;f）1187异染色质DNA。 已经使用该系统进行的观察的新颖性表明， 持续的分析将揭示出DNA中意想不到的方面， 染色体结构的广泛意义。