MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS, ALCOHOL USE, AND DEVELOPMENT

早晚、饮酒和发育

• 批准号: 6130335
• 负责人: LYNETTE F COFER
• 金额: $ 14.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-03-01 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6130335
• 关键词: Scandinavian; Scandinavian country; adolescence (12-20); alcoholism /alcohol abuse; alcoholism /alcohol abuse prevention; arousal; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); circadian rhythms; clinical research; coping; dark adaptation; disease /disorder etiology; fatigue; functional ability; human data; light adaptations; longitudinal human study; mathematical model; outcomes research; parent offspring interaction; prognosis; sleep; statistics /biometry; wakefulness

The goal of this proposal is to determine the ways in which an unstudied risk/protective factor - Morningness/Eveningness- contributes to alcohol abuse etiologies and prevention. The thrust of our efforts is a theoretically derived examination of a wide array of assessments of social functioning and alcohol abuse. The proposed project consists of further preparation and secondary analysis of data from four Swedish longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. In the developmental framework that guides the research, alcohol problems develop or diminish in configurations with other individual attributes and are embedded within social circumstances across the life cycle. We are concerned with processes that underlie behavioral continuities and changes. Theoretical support is provided by finding that stable individual differences in light/dark entrainment and associated physiological states of arousal and fatigue -- Morning- and Evening-types -- first emerge at 6 months. For M-types, morning arousal is consistent with cultural expectations and related to adaptive functioning at home and in school. For E-types, morning fatigue and evening arousal are linked to risk factors, including alcohol abuse, school disaffection, conflicts with parents, and antisocial behavior. Exceptions to findings, i.e., resilient E-types and vulnerable M-types are of importance. Traditional univariate and multivariate statistical procedures will be used when appropriate to the data. For other purposes, a person-oriented approach will be used to identify homogenous configurations through cluster analyses; developmental trajectories of resultant configurations will be tested in conjunction with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Specific aims include: (1) test predictions that psychological functioning and interactions with parents will not differ for E- and M-types in infancy and early preschool years, but appear with increased demands for morning performance by age 5; (2) test predictions that low morning arousal indicators, including fatigue, dark moods, and depression will be related to Eveningness, but unrelated to alcohol abuse; depression in M-types, particularly females, may be associated with alcohol abuse; and (3) map configurations of risk and resilience at different points in development to clarify multiple etiologic processes and demonstrate that developmental systems theory links disparate outcomes.

该提案的目标是确定未经研究的风险/保护因素（早晨/晚上）如何促进酒精滥用的病因和预防。 我们努力的主旨是对社会功能和酗酒的各种评估进行理论上的检验。 拟议的项目包括对瑞典四项纵向和横向研究的数据进行进一步准备和二次分析。 在指导研究的发展框架中，酒精问题在与其他个人属性的配置中发展或减少，并嵌入到整个生命周期的社会环境中。 我们关注行为连续性和变化背后的过程。 光/暗夹带以及相关的觉醒和疲劳生理状态（早晨型和晚上型）的稳定个体差异在 6 个月时首次出现，这提供了理论支持。 对于 M 型人来说，早晨的觉醒符合文化期望，并且与家庭和学校的适应性功能相关。 对于E型人来说，早晨疲劳和晚上兴奋与危险因素有关，包括酗酒、对学校不满、与父母的冲突和反社会行为。 研究结果的例外情况，即有弹性的 E 型和脆弱的 M 型很重要。当适合数据时，将使用传统的单变量和多元统计程序。 出于其他目的，将采用以人为本的方法，通过聚类分析来识别同质配置；由此产生的配置的发展轨迹将与分层线性模型（HLM）一起进行测试。 具体目标包括：(1) 测试预测，E 型和 M 型的人在婴儿期和学龄前早期的心理功能和与父母的互动不会有差异，但到 5 岁时，对早晨表现的要求似乎会增加； （2）测试预测，早晨低唤醒指标，包括疲劳、情绪低落和抑郁，与夜间性有关，但与酗酒无关； M型抑郁症，尤其是女性抑郁症，可能与酗酒有关； (3)绘制不同发展阶段风险和复原力的配置图，以阐明多种病因过程，并证明发展系统理论将不同的结果联系起来。