GENETICS OF ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE

酒精和药物滥用的遗传学

• 批准号: 6071234
• 负责人: JEANNE M WEHNER
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-12-19 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6071234
• 关键词: alcohols; cocaine; endogenous opioid; gene expression; genetic mapping; genetic polymorphism; genetics; meeting /conference /symposium; nicotine; reinforcer; substance abuse related disorder

The elucidation of genes regulating the complex behavioral phenotypes related to drug abuse including initial drug sensitivity, tolerance, sensitization, chronic use and relapse have only recently been amenable to molecular analyses. The application of quantitative trait loci (QTL) methods has allowed the mapping of genes regulating these polygenic traits. Moreover, transgenic mouse and inducible mutagenesis techniques allow investigations into the impact of single gene manipulations on drug-induced alterations of behavioral and physiological function. QTLs have been localized for morphine preference, alcohol sensitivity, tolerance, and withdrawal. While there is considerable knowledge pertaining to the neurobiological circuitry underlying drug reinforcement, little is known about the genetic polymorphisms that may mediate individual differences in genes regulating important neural substrates regulating reinforcement and reward. Heterogeniety of phenotype makes gene mapping particularly difficult in the human population for alcohol and substance abuse. By integrating current knowledge of genetic factors that may predispose individuals to drug use and abuse with biological and molecular studies in animal models, advancement will be made. The conference will cover important breakthroughs in the mapping of genes for alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiate dependence and abuse. A workshop presenting genetic methods that have not been widely applied to the complex issues of alcohol and substance abuse will supplement presentations and discussion of recent data. This workshop will include the use of chemically-induced mutations in mamalian and invertebrate organisms and RNA differential gene expression techniques.

调节与药物滥用有关的复杂行为表型的基因的阐明，包括初始药物敏感性，耐受性，敏感性，长期使用和复发，直到最近才适用于分子分析。 定量性状基因座（QTL）方法的应用允许对调节这些多基因性状的基因进行映射。此外，转基因小鼠和诱导诱变技术允许研究单个基因操纵对药物诱导的行为和生理功能改变的影响。 QTL已被定位为吗啡偏好，酒精敏感性，耐受性和戒断。 尽管与药物增强的神经生物学回路有关，但对可能介导调节重要神经底物的基因差异的遗传多态性知之甚少。 表型的异质化使基因映射在人口中特别困难，因为酗酒和滥用药物。 通过将当前对遗传因素的知识整合到可能使个人在动物模型中的生物学和分子研究与生物学和分子研究中诱发药物使用和滥用的知识，将取得进步。 该会议将涵盖酒精，可卡因，尼古丁和阿片类药物依赖和虐待基因映射的重要突破。 介绍尚未广泛应用于酒精和滥用药物的复杂问题的遗传方法的研讨会将补充近期数据的演示和讨论。 该研讨会将包括在Mamalian和无脊椎动物生物中使用化学诱导的突变以及RNA差异基因表达技术。