GENETICS OF ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE

酒精和药物滥用的遗传学

• 批准号: 6071234
• 负责人: JEANNE M WEHNER
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-12-19 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6071234
• 关键词: alcohols; cocaine; endogenous opioid; gene expression; genetic mapping; genetic polymorphism; genetics; meeting /conference /symposium; nicotine; reinforcer; substance abuse related disorder

The elucidation of genes regulating the complex behavioral phenotypes related to drug abuse including initial drug sensitivity, tolerance, sensitization, chronic use and relapse have only recently been amenable to molecular analyses. The application of quantitative trait loci (QTL) methods has allowed the mapping of genes regulating these polygenic traits. Moreover, transgenic mouse and inducible mutagenesis techniques allow investigations into the impact of single gene manipulations on drug-induced alterations of behavioral and physiological function. QTLs have been localized for morphine preference, alcohol sensitivity, tolerance, and withdrawal. While there is considerable knowledge pertaining to the neurobiological circuitry underlying drug reinforcement, little is known about the genetic polymorphisms that may mediate individual differences in genes regulating important neural substrates regulating reinforcement and reward. Heterogeniety of phenotype makes gene mapping particularly difficult in the human population for alcohol and substance abuse. By integrating current knowledge of genetic factors that may predispose individuals to drug use and abuse with biological and molecular studies in animal models, advancement will be made. The conference will cover important breakthroughs in the mapping of genes for alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiate dependence and abuse. A workshop presenting genetic methods that have not been widely applied to the complex issues of alcohol and substance abuse will supplement presentations and discussion of recent data. This workshop will include the use of chemically-induced mutations in mamalian and invertebrate organisms and RNA differential gene expression techniques.

阐明基因调节复杂的行为表型有关的药物滥用，包括最初的药物敏感性，耐受性，致敏，慢性使用和复发的分子分析，最近才受到欢迎。 数量性状基因座（QTL）方法的应用，使这些多基因性状的基因调控定位。此外，转基因小鼠和诱导突变技术允许调查单基因操作对药物诱导的行为和生理功能改变的影响。 已经定位了吗啡偏好、酒精敏感性、耐受性和戒断的QTL。 虽然有相当多的知识有关的神经生物学电路的基础药物加固，很少有人知道的基因多态性，可能介导的个体差异的基因调节重要的神经底物调节加固和奖励。 表型的异质性使得酒精和药物滥用人群的基因定位特别困难。 通过将目前对可能使个人易于使用和滥用药物的遗传因素的了解与动物模型中的生物学和分子研究相结合，将取得进展。 会议将涵盖酒精、可卡因、尼古丁和阿片类药物依赖和滥用基因图谱的重要突破。 一个讲习班将介绍尚未广泛应用于酒精和药物滥用这一复杂问题的遗传学方法，以补充对最近数据的介绍和讨论。 该研讨会将包括在哺乳动物和无脊椎动物中使用化学诱导突变和RNA差异基因表达技术。