STUDIES OF POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF RADIATION

室内氡是世界人口的主要辐射源 可能是肺癌的一个重要原因。关于几个问题的研究 暴露在家庭氡中的人口正在接受治疗。一个 肺癌与室内氡病例对照研究的Meta分析 得出的结果与基于对地下矿工的研究类似， 对他们来说，氡已被确定为人类致癌物质。病例对照 井下居民肺癌与氡的调查研究 中国的住处，以及密苏里州吸烟和不吸烟的女性 是在现场还是在数据分析阶段。大型病例对照研究 对儿童白血病的研究没有提供证据表明两者之间存在关联 室内氡和儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病之间的关系。 对核试验或事故中暴露于粉尘的人群的研究 是这个项目的另一个主要焦点。切尔诺贝利核反应堆 乌克兰事故导致甲状腺出现前所未有的增长 白俄罗斯、乌克兰西北部和邻近地区的儿童患上癌症 俄罗斯各省。在能源部(DOE)的协助下 与核管理委员会(NRC)、NCI组织了长期的 对白俄罗斯约15,000名儿童和#年30-50,000名儿童进行了跟踪研究 乌克兰。居住在俄罗斯特恰河沿岸的村民 暴露在来自玛雅克人的慢性外部和内部辐射中 核设施。癌症死亡率正在接受一组 大约28,000人受到大剂量的辐射 放射性废物倾倒在河里。关于队列的初步数据 塞米巴拉金斯克原子弹试验附近村庄的2万名居民 哈萨克斯坦的一个站点表明，这个队列可能提供了关于 与暴露在放射性尘埃中有关的癌症风险。REB计划 评估辐射剂量估算，并进行甲状腺检查 重度接触者和轻度接触者的筛查研究 暴露时未满15岁的村庄。

Indoor radon is a major source of radiation for the world's population and may be an important cause of lung cancer. Several studies of populations exposed to domestic radon are being conducted. A meta-analysis of case-control studies of lung cancer and indoor radon yielded results similar to those based on studies of underground miners, for whom radon has been established as a human carcinogen. Case-control studies of lung cancer and radon among residents living in underground dwellings in China, and among smoking and non-smoking females in Missouri are in the field or in the data analysis stage. A large case-control study of childhood leukemia provided no evidence of an association between indoor radon and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Studies of populations exposed to fallout from nuclear tests or accidents are another major focus of this project. The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in Ukraine has led to an unprecedented increase in thyroid cancer among children in Belarus, northwestern Ukraine, and bordering Russian provinces. With the assistance of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), NCI has organized long-term follow-up studies of about 15,000 children in Belarus and 30-50,000 in Ukraine. Villagers living along the banks of the Techa River in Russia were exposed to chronic external and internal radiation from the Mayak nuclear facility. Cancer mortality is being evaluated in a cohort of approximately 28,000 people who received large doses of radiation from the radioactive waste dumped into the river. Preliminary data on a cohort of 20,000 residents of villages near the Semipalatinsk Atomic Bomb Test Site in Kazakstan suggest that this cohort might be informative about cancer risks associated with exposure to radioactive fallout. REB plans to evaluate radiation dosimetry estimates, and conduct a thyroid screening study of residents of heavily exposed and lightly exposed villages who were under 15 years of age at exposure.