PSYCHOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT/RESEARCH

药物滥用治疗/研究中的心理和方法问题

• 批准号: 6161712
• 负责人: K L PRESTON
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6161712
• 关键词: HIV infections; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; antisocial personality; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; clinical trials; cocaine; drug abuse chemotherapy; drug addiction; family genetics; heroin; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; human therapy evaluation; methadone; psychological reinforcement; urinalysis

Psychological and methodological issues in substance abuse treatment/research are under investigation as part of the clinical trials evaluating cocaine and opioid abuse treatments. One area of focus is improving methods of monitoring cocaine use to increase the ability of clinical trials to detect effective treatments. Quantitative urinalysis and newly developed criteria for identifying new cocaine use were evaluated as alternative measures of cocaine use. Urine specimens collected in a cocaine dosing study in non-treatment- seeking subjects and a cocaine treatment trial were analyzed for the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine, with qualitative and quantitative methods. Pharmacokinetic criteria ("New Use" rules) were applied to quantitative data to identify occasions of new cocaine use. Results were compared to known cocaine administrations in the laboratory study and to self-reported drug use and qualitative urinalysis for subjects in the clinical trial. New Use criteria correctly identified cocaine administrations in the cocaine dosing study in all but a small number of specimens. In the clinical trial, quantitative urinalysis and estimated New Uses provided more information about patterns and frequency of use than qualitative urinalysis in the different treatment conditions in the clinical trial. Interpretation of quantitative urinalysis with New Use rules appears to be a useful method for monitoring treatment outcome and may be more accurate than traditional qualitative urinalysis in estimating frequency of cocaine use. This procedure is being adopted as an outcome measure in clinical trials around the country. Other methods of monitoring drug use are also being evaluated. These methods include sweat patches and quantitative urinalysis of cocaine. A second area of focus is on the impact of family history on drug use. Results to date suggest that opioid- dependent patients with comorbid mental disorder were over twice as likely to have a parent with substance dependence disorders and over three times more likely to have any sibling with substance dependence as were opioid dependent patients without a comorbid mental disorder. These results suggest a relationship between psychiatric comorbidity and familial influence of substance dependence. Additional research is underway to evaluate methods for measuring craving and predictors of treatment outcome.

药物滥用的心理和方法问题 治疗/研究正在研究中，作为临床的一部分， 评估可卡因和阿片类药物滥用治疗的试验。 的一个区域 重点是改进监测可卡因使用的方法， 临床试验检测有效治疗的能力。 尿定量分析和新开发的鉴别标准 作为可卡因使用的替代措施，对新的可卡因使用情况进行了评价。 非治疗组可卡因给药研究中采集的尿液标本- 寻找受试者和可卡因治疗试验进行了分析， 可卡因代谢物苯甲酰芽子碱，定性和定量 方法. 药代动力学标准（“新用途”规则）适用于 定量数据，以查明新的可卡因使用情况。 结果 与实验室研究中已知的可卡因给药进行了比较 以及受试者自我报告的药物使用和定性尿分析 在临床试验中。 新使用标准正确识别可卡因 在可卡因给药研究中，除少数外， 的标本。 在临床试验中，定量尿分析和 估计的新用途提供了更多关于模式和 在不同的治疗中使用频率比尿定性分析 临床试验中的条件。 定量解释 尿分析与新的使用规则似乎是一个有用的方法， 监测治疗结果，可能比传统的 定性尿分析在估计可卡因使用频率。 这 在临床试验中，程序被用作结果测量 遍布全国。 监测药物使用的其他方法也 正在评估。 这些方法包括汗液贴片和定量分析。 可卡因的尿液分析 第二个重点领域是 吸毒的家族史 迄今为止的结果表明，阿片类药物- 患有精神障碍的依赖患者是患有精神障碍的患者的两倍多。 可能有一个物质依赖障碍和以上的父母 兄弟姐妹有物质依赖的可能性 没有精神障碍共病的阿片类药物依赖患者也是如此。 这些结果表明精神共病与 和物质依赖的家庭影响。 额外的研究 正在评估测量渴望和预测因素的方法 治疗结果。