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Quantitifaction of the metabolic proteins that drive biogeochmical cycles in marine systems

驱动海洋系统生物地球化学循环的代谢蛋白的定量

基本信息

批准号：
NE/F019254/1
负责人：
Thomas Bibby
金额：
$ 29.16万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF019254%2F1
关键词：
Quantitifaction metabolic proteins drive biogeochmical

项目摘要

In marine ecosystems, enzymes in microorganisms catalyse the chemical transformations of elemental cycles and stimulate energy flow though the ecosystem. It is both the abundance and efficiency of these enzymes that determine the rates of biochemical cycles in marine systems. These cycles shape our current and future global environments, and the ability to understanding and accurately model these cycles is therefore an important task for environmental scientists and a goal of the NERC mission statement. The daunting complexity of these marine microbial assemblages is only beginning to be understood. The size of the challenge is highlighted by programs such as the ambitious Global Ocean Sequencing Project (GOS) (http://www.jcvi.org/research/gos/), which, although only one-third complete, already represents the largest metagenomic dataset ever put into the public domain. Of more than 7.7 million sequences of DNA, 85% of the assembled sequence data is unique. This highlights that the marine microbial community remains unrepresented in laboratory culture collections and uncharacterized both genetically and biochemically. When we consider this complexity together with the fact that microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye, the challenge of accurately characterising the biochemical processes that have such a huge impact on our environment is particularly apparent. This project aims to develop techniques to complement these rate-based measurements and directly quantify the concentrations of key metabolic proteins irrespective of taxonomic origin in marine samples. The concentrations of these proteins limit the capacity of the biogeochemical process being studied and knowledge of changes in enzyme concentrations can further our understanding of the function of marine microbial communities. The techniques to be developed rely on the fact that the enzymes involved in biogeochemical cycles evolved very early in the Earth's history and, owing to their unique chemistry, have remained relatively unchanged over the evolution of life on Earth. Therefore, all microorganisms that are involved in biogeochemical cycles contain the same conserved enzymes, at the level of protein sequence, irrespective of taxonomy. As a result, established techniques for the quantification of specific proteins can yield valuable information on the abundance of the total amount of key metabolic enzymes in a sample isolated from complex marine systems. This approach benefits from the fact that micororganisms devote a large proportion of available energy and raw materials to the synthesis of these proteins, such that the enzyme complexes are often the major protein products within the cell and thereby represent abundant targets for quantification. This project aims to implement these technologies on the forthcoming Atlantic Medorial Transect (AMT) cruise planned for 2009, which will provide a platform from which samples can be collected on a north/south transect of the Atlantic and will provide the necessary ancillary data, including biological-rate measurements and microbial community structure. These techniques have the capacity to characterise and monitor the capacities of marine micororganisms to acclimate to anthropogenic rapid change in CO2, UV and nutrient cycling, and to map the distributions of these enzymes on a global scale.

在海洋生态系统中，微生物中的酶催化元素循环的化学转化，并刺激生态系统中的能量流动。正是这些酶的丰度和效率决定了海洋系统中生物化学循环的速率。这些循环塑造了我们当前和未来的全球环境，因此，理解和准确模拟这些循环的能力是环境科学家的一项重要任务，也是NERC使命声明的一个目标。这些海洋微生物组合的令人生畏的复杂性才刚刚开始被理解。雄心勃勃的全球海洋测序项目（GOS）（http：//www.jcvi.org/research/gos/）等项目突出了这一挑战的规模，该项目虽然只完成了三分之一，但已经是有史以来投入公共领域的最大的宏基因组数据集。在超过770万个DNA序列中，85%的组装序列数据是唯一的。这突出表明，海洋微生物群落在实验室培养物中仍然没有代表性，并且在遗传和生物化学方面都没有特征。当我们考虑到这种复杂性以及肉眼看不到微生物的事实时，准确描述对我们的环境产生如此巨大影响的生化过程的挑战尤为明显。该项目旨在开发技术，以补充这些基于速率的测量，并直接量化海洋样品中关键代谢蛋白质的浓度，而不论其分类来源。这些蛋白质的浓度限制了正在研究的生物地球化学过程的能力，而酶浓度变化的知识可以进一步加深我们对海洋微生物群落功能的理解。有待开发的技术依赖于这样一个事实，即参与地球化学循环的酶在地球历史的早期就已经进化，并且由于其独特的化学性质，在地球生命的进化过程中保持相对不变。因此，所有参与生物地球化学循环的微生物在蛋白质序列水平上都含有相同的保守酶，而与分类无关。因此，已建立的特定蛋白质定量技术可以产生关于从复杂海洋系统分离的样品中关键代谢酶总量丰度的有价值的信息。这种方法得益于微生物将大部分可用能量和原材料用于合成这些蛋白质的事实，使得酶复合物通常是细胞内的主要蛋白质产物，从而代表了大量的定量靶标。该项目的目的是在计划于2009年进行的大西洋海洋样带航行中采用这些技术，该航行将提供一个平台，从该平台上可以收集大西洋南北样带的样本，并将提供必要的辅助数据，包括生物速率测量和微生物群落结构。这些技术有能力确定和监测海洋微生物适应二氧化碳、紫外线和营养循环方面人为快速变化的能力，并绘制这些酶在全球范围内的分布图。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Phosphite utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium.

全球重要的海洋固氮菌毛藻对亚磷酸盐的利用。

DOI：
10.1111/1758-2229.12308
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Environmental microbiology reports
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Polyviou D
通讯作者：
Polyviou D

Iron supply and demand in an Antarctic shelf ecosystem

DOI：
10.1002/2015gl065727
发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
Geophysical Research Letters
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
D. McGillicuddy;P. Sedwick;M. Dinniman;K. Arrigo;T. Bibby;B. Greenan;E. Hofmann;J. Klinck;W. Smith;S. Mack;C. Marsay;B. Sohst;G. Dijken
通讯作者：
D. McGillicuddy;P. Sedwick;M. Dinniman;K. Arrigo;T. Bibby;B. Greenan;E. Hofmann;J. Klinck;W. Smith;S. Mack;C. Marsay;B. Sohst;G. Dijken

Temporal progression of photosynthetic-strategy in phytoplankton in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

南极洲罗斯海浮游植物光合作用策略的时间进程