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Resource utilization by phytoplankton: is nitrogen allocation amongst functional catalysts optimized in response to resource limitation?

浮游植物的资源利用：功能催化剂之间的氮分配是否针对资源限制进行了优化？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/G003688/1
负责人：
Richard Geider
金额：
$ 49.82万
依托单位：
University of Essex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG003688%2F1
关键词：
Resource utilization phytoplankton nitrogen allocation

项目摘要

We have entered an era in biological oceanographic research when the information within the genomes of an increasing number of marine organisms is becoming increasingly available. One of the challenges facing biological oceanographers is to exploit this information to obtain greater insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. Recently, Raleigh Hood and coworkers have posed the questions: o 'What role do all these new genes and proteins (identified by genomic approaches) play in driving marine ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycles? o Which are important and which are not? o What role are they likely to play in the evolution of marine microbial communities, how might they have influenced global biogeochemical cycles over Earth's history, and how might they do so in the future.' (Oceanography, Vol 20, No 2 page 155) These are very challenging questions. We propose to take a small but important step in addressing a subset of issues raised by these questions. Our focus is on one representative of the marine phytoplankton, namely the marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Emiliania is one of the thousands of phytoplankton species that contribute to photosynthesis in the sea. As a photosynthetic organism, she sits at the base of the food web that leads to fish and top predators including marine mammals and man. Emiliania is particularly useful to us in the genomic age of oceanographic research because she is one of the few phytoplankton species for which the entire genome is currently available. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9504). The genome sets the limits on the capability of an organism to exploit its environment. However, the genome represents an organism's potential rather than what is actually achieved in a given situation. How an organism exploits the environment becomes manifest in the composition of its proteome. The proteome consists of all of the proteins that are manufactured by a cell. The proteome is not a static entity. Rather, the proteome is a dynamic entity that is reorganized in response to changes in the environment. Of particular interest are changes in the proteome that increase the ability of an organism to obtain resources from the environment and use these resources for growth and reproduction. Also of importance, are changes in the proteome that protect an organism from environmental stress. Growth is promoted when resources are plentiful. These resources include light and inorganic nutrients. Growth is limited when these resources become scare, or when environmental conditions deteriorate. In particular, light is an important limiting factor on seasonal time scales (low-light in winter versus high-light in summer) and with increasing depth in the sea. Nitrogen is the main limiting factor for phytoplankton growth in over 50% of the surface of the sea in summer, with phosphorus an important secondary limiting factor in many regions. Advances in technology now allow both qualitative and quantitative measurements of how the proteome changes in response to environmental factors. Documenting changes in the proteome provides a way to assess how the state of a cell such as Emiliania changes. Our goal is to document changes in the abundance of proteins associated with different bioenergetic and biochemical pathways or functions. This will allow us to assess the cost of acclimation in terms of changes in the proportions of cell biomass amongst these pathways/functions. The goal of our research is to employ this new information to inform a cost-benefit analysis of acclimation within Emiliania huxleyi. Ultimately, this information will contribute to our understanding of adaptation of marine phytoplankton to the range of environmental conditions encountered in the sea.

我们已经进入了一个生物海洋学研究的时代，越来越多的海洋生物的基因组内的信息越来越容易获得。生物海洋学家面临的挑战之一是利用这些信息，以更深入地了解海洋生态系统的运作。最近，罗利胡德和他的同事们提出了这样的问题：o“所有这些新的基因和蛋白质（通过基因组方法鉴定）在驱动海洋生态系统动力学和海洋地球化学循环中发挥什么作用？哪些是重要的，哪些不是？它们可能在海洋微生物群落的进化中发挥什么作用，它们如何影响地球历史上的全球生物地球化学循环，以及它们在未来如何发挥作用。”（《海洋学》，2002年，第2期，第155页）这些都是非常具有挑战性的问题。我们建议采取一个小而重要的步骤，解决这些问题所引起的一系列问题。我们的重点是海洋浮游植物的一个代表，即海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi。艾米利亚是数千种有助于海洋光合作用的浮游植物之一。作为一种光合生物，她位于食物网的底部，导致鱼类和顶级捕食者，包括海洋哺乳动物和人类。Emiliania对我们在海洋学研究的基因组时代特别有用，因为她是目前可获得整个基因组的少数浮游植物物种之一。(http网址：www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9504）。基因组限制了生物体利用环境的能力。然而，基因组代表的是一个有机体的潜力，而不是在特定情况下实际取得的成果。一个有机体如何利用环境在其蛋白质组的组成中变得明显。蛋白质组由细胞制造的所有蛋白质组成。蛋白质组不是一个静态的实体。相反，蛋白质组是一个动态的实体，可以根据环境的变化进行重组。特别令人感兴趣的是蛋白质组的变化，这些变化增加了生物体从环境中获取资源并利用这些资源进行生长和繁殖的能力。同样重要的是，蛋白质组的变化，保护生物体免受环境压力。当资源充足时，增长得到促进。这些资源包括光和无机营养素。当这些资源变得稀缺或环境条件恶化时，增长是有限的。特别是，光是季节性时间尺度上的一个重要限制因素（冬季低光与夏季高光），并随着海洋深度的增加。氮是夏季50%以上海面浮游植物生长的主要限制因子，磷是许多地区重要的次要限制因子。技术的进步现在允许定性和定量测量蛋白质组如何响应环境因素而变化。记录蛋白质组的变化提供了一种评估细胞状态如何变化的方法，如Emiliania。我们的目标是记录与不同生物能量和生化途径或功能相关的蛋白质丰度的变化。这将使我们能够根据这些途径/功能中细胞生物量比例的变化来评估驯化的成本。我们的研究的目标是利用这些新的信息，告知驯化内Emiliania huxleyi的成本效益分析。最终，这些信息将有助于我们了解海洋浮游植物对海洋中遇到的各种环境条件的适应。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Modelling the effect of vertical mixing on bottle incubations for determining in situ phytoplankton dynamics. I. Growth rates

模拟垂直混合对瓶子孵化的影响，以确定原位浮游植物动态。

DOI：
10.3354/meps09193
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Marine Ecology Progress Series
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Ross O
通讯作者：
Ross O

Bridging the gap between omics and earth system science to better understand how environmental change impacts marine microbes.

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12983
发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
Global change biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Mock T;Daines SJ;Geider R;Collins S;Metodiev M;Millar AJ;Moulton V;Lenton TM
通讯作者：
Lenton TM

The trade-off between the light-harvesting and photoprotective functions of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins dominates light acclimation in Emiliania huxleyi (clone CCMP 1516).

岩藻黄质-叶绿素蛋白的光捕获和光保护功能之间的权衡主导着艾米利亚赫胥黎（克隆 CCMP 1516）的光适应。