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Testing the limits to evolution: when and why does adaptation fail in response to ecological change?

测试进化的极限：适应何时以及为何无法应对生态变化？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/G007039/1
负责人：
Jonathan Bridle
金额：
$ 61.79万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG007039%2F1
关键词：
Testing limits evolution when why

项目摘要

Organisms on this planet are currently experiencing unprecedented rates of habitat loss and environmental change. Climate change alone is predicted to condemn at least one in ten of all species to extinction this century unless they can adapt to deal with these changing conditions. Such a high rate of biodiversity loss is likely to have catastrophic effects on the ecological networks that we depend on for food and fuel production, for sustainable development, and ultimately for political stability. There is therefore an urgent need to understand maximum rates of evolution in response to environmental change. This will allow scientists to provide clearer guidance to policymakers and economists on what the consequences of changing climate and habitat loss are likely to be for biodiversity. At species and population margins, limits to adaptation prevent expansion into novel environments. Theoretical models predict that these limits occur either because rates of ecological change become too large relative to the movement of individuals from other populations, or because populations at species' edges lack the genetic variation necessary for adaptation. Extensive preliminary data suggest that the study of Australian rainforest fruitfly populations along repeated altitudinal transitions presents a unique opportunity to distinguish between these hypotheses, and assess which ecological and genetic factors most limit evolutionary potential in nature. The proposed research will explore how levels of genetic variation affect the point where evolution fails along similar altitudinal transitions of varying steepness. It will use field experiments to measure the strength and steepness of these selective gradients from the perspective of the flies themselves, directly estimate rates of movement of individuals, and assess genetic changes in those traits expected to be evolving along these spatial gradients. Estimates of these variables will then be related back to theoretical models to test how well these models predict the maximum rates of evolution observed in real populations. Such information will not only help to identify which species and populations are most at risk of extinction, it will also provide guidance on which strategies can be employed to maximise evolutionary responses in natural populations. This will help to reduce, or plan for, the massive rates of biodiversity loss predicted for the coming centuries.

这个星球上的生物目前正在经历前所未有的栖息地丧失和环境变化。据预测，气候变化本身就将使所有物种中至少十分之一在本世纪灭绝，除非它们能够适应这些不断变化的条件。如此高的生物多样性丧失率可能会对我们赖以生产粮食和燃料、实现可持续发展并最终实现政治稳定的生态网络产生灾难性影响。因此，迫切需要了解应对环境变化的最大进化速率。这将使科学家能够为政策制定者和经济学家提供更明确的指导，说明气候变化和栖息地丧失可能对生物多样性造成的后果。在物种和种群边缘，适应的限制阻止了向新环境的扩张。理论模型预测，这些限制的发生要么是因为生态变化的速率相对于其他种群的个体移动变得太大，要么是因为物种边缘的种群缺乏适应所需的遗传变异。广泛的初步数据表明，澳大利亚雨林果蝇种群沿着重复的海拔过渡的研究提供了一个独特的机会，区分这些假设，并评估生态和遗传因素最限制自然界的进化潜力。拟议中的研究将探索遗传变异的水平如何影响进化失败的点，沿着不同陡峭度的类似海拔过渡。它将使用现场实验从果蝇自身的角度来测量这些选择梯度的强度和陡度，直接估计个体的运动速率，并评估预期沿着这些空间梯度沿着进化的那些性状的遗传变化。然后，这些变量的估计值将与理论模型相关联，以测试这些模型在多大程度上预测了在真实的种群中观察到的最大进化速率。这些信息不仅有助于确定哪些物种和种群最有可能灭绝，还将为采取哪些策略以最大限度地提高自然种群的进化反应提供指导。这将有助于减少或规划未来几个世纪生物多样性的大规模丧失。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Environmental variation and biotic interactions limit adaptation at ecological margins: lessons from rainforest Drosophila and European butterflies.

环境变化和生物相互作用限制了生态边缘的适应：雨林果蝇和欧洲蝴蝶的教训。

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0017
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
O'Brien EK
通讯作者：
O'Brien EK

Temperature fluctuations during development reduce male fitness and may limit adaptive potential in tropical rainforest Drosophila.

发育过程中的温度波动会降低雄性的适应性，并可能限制热带雨林果蝇的适应潜力。

DOI：
10.1111/jeb.13231
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Journal of evolutionary biology
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Saxon AD
通讯作者：
Saxon AD

Long-distance gene flow and adaptation of forest trees to rapid climate change.

DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01746.x
发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
Ecology letters
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Kremer A;Ronce O;Robledo-Arnuncio JJ;Guillaume F;Bohrer G;Nathan R;Bridle JR;Gomulkiewicz R;Klein EK;Ritland K;Kuparinen A;Gerber S;Schueler S
通讯作者：
Schueler S

Testing for local adaptation and evolutionary potential along altitudinal gradients in rainforest Drosophila: beyond laboratory estimates.

热带雨林果蝇沿海拔梯度的局部适应和进化潜力测试：超出实验室估计。