DEVELOPMENT OF GAMBLING AND ALCOHOL USE IN YOUTH

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：尽管存在年龄限制， 研究表明，美国各地的赌博限制 青少年和年轻人更有可能 比成年人更容易成为问题赌徒青春 赌博与其他青少年问题也有显著的相关性 行为包括酗酒、其他物质使用和犯罪。然而，在这方面， 关于青少年赌博的病因学研究很少， 没有纵向研究考察青少年赌博的发展， 在物质使用的背景下。具有成本效益的二级数据 分析建议使用先前由NIAAA资助的两项纵向研究 关注青少年酗酒问题这两项研究包括相同的措施 赌博行为。赌博措施尚未分析，由于 资源有限。研究1（家庭和青少年研究），是一个六波 对699名青少年进行了纵向面板研究，年龄在第1波时为13-16岁， 第6阶段，家长和同龄人的独立评估。研究2 （青少年犯罪）是一项三波纵向面板研究， 第一波和第19-22波年龄为16-19岁的625名男性的物质使用和犯罪情况 在第3波中，由家庭受访者进行独立评估（通常是 母亲）。两项研究均采用一般人群样本;但研究1包括 第二项研究包括了一个过多的黑人家庭样本， 有很高的犯罪风险 利用赌博同现发展的概念模型， 物质使用和犯罪，横截面和纵向分析， 使用来自社会人口统计学、个人/心理学和 父母/同伴社会化领域。具体目标是确定：a） 赌博行为的社会人口学相关性; B） 个人/心理因素和赌博; c）家庭和同伴 对赌博行为发展的影响; d） 赌博、酗酒和其他物质使用之间的相互关系， 犯罪，以及研究共同的病因因素影响这些 问题行为更好地了解保护和风险因素 青少年赌博可以用来告知预防策略。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Although there are age limits on gambling throughout the United States, research consistently shows that adolescents and young adults are significantly more likely to be characterized as problem gamblers than their adult counterparts. Youthful gambling is also significantly correlated with other adolescent problem behaviors including alcohol, other substance use and delinquency. However, there is very little research on the etiology of adolescent gambling and there are no longitudinal studies examining the development of youthful gambling behaviors in the context of substance use. Cost-effective secondary data analysis is proposed using two longitudinal studies previously funded by NIAAA to focus on adolescent alcohol misuse. Both studies include the same measures of gambling behaviors. The gambling measures have not been analyzed due to limited resources. Study 1 (Family and Adolescent Study), is a six-wave longitudinal panel study of 699 adolescents, aged 13-16 at wave 1 and 18-23 at wave 6 with independent assessments from parents and peers. Study 2 (Delinquency in Young Men) is a three-wave longitudinal panel study of substance use and delinquency among 625 males, aged 16-19 at wave 1 and 19-22 in wave 3 with an independent assessment from a family respondent (usually the mother). Both studies employed general population samples; but Study 1 included an oversample of black families and Study 2 included an oversample of young men at high risk for delinquency. Using a conceptual model of the development of the co-occurrence of gambling, substance use and delinquency, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses are specified using predictors from sociodemographic, individual/psychological, and parent/peer socialization domains. The specific aims are to determine: a) the sociodemographic correlates of gambling behaviors; b) the relationships between individual/psychological factors and gambling; c) the family and peer influences on the development of gambling behaviors and d) the inter-relationships between gambling, alcohol and other substance use and delinquency as well to examine the common etiological factors influencing these problem behaviors. A better understanding of the protective and risk factors for youthful gambling can be used to inform prevention strategies.