Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在美国原住民土地和周边地理区域，赌博机会的可用性显著增加，但缺乏研究来检查赌博的可用性和社会人口因素对美国原住民赌博、问题赌博和同时发生的酒精和其他药物滥用频率的影响。这一修订的R21申请，生态和社会文化对美国原住民赌博和酒精使用的影响，是一项试点研究，旨在开发和测试文化敏感的流行病学措施和方法，以确定赌博，问题赌博以及同时发生的酒精和其他药物使用在美国印第安人的不同样本中的相关性。这项试点研究将为更大的，对美国印第安人赌博和药物使用的代表性全国性研究将对250名年龄在18岁及以上的印第安人进行电话采访，这些人来自美国各地印第安人密集的地理区域。这项调查将使用美国本土的固定电话和手机号码作为样本。居住地将进行地理编码，并与美国人口普查数据相关联，这些数据可用于部落指定的统计区域、美洲原住民保留地和保留地外信托

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite a marked increase in the availability of gambling opportunities on Native American lands and in surrounding geographic areas, there is a lack of research examining the effects of gambling availability and sociodemographic factors on the frequency of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug abuse among Native Americans in the U.S. This revised R21 application, Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use, is a pilot study to develop and test culturally-sensitive epidemiologic measures and methods to determine the correlates of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug use among a diverse sample of Native Americans in the U.S. This pilot study will provide the basis for a larger, representative national study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans in the U.S. Telephone interviews will be conducted with 250 Native American adults aged 18 years and older from geographic areas across the U.S. with high densities of Native Americans. The survey will use a targeted U.S. sample of landline and cell phone numbers of Native Americans. Place of residence will be geo-coded and linked with U.S. census data which is available for tribal- designated statistical areas and for Native American reservations and off-reservation trust lands. In addition, the measures of gambling and substance use will be comparable to our ongoing NIH-funded study of gambling and substance use among the general population of adults in the U.S. Based on social ecology theory, the availability of gambling opportunities using geo-coded addresses of gambling facilities on and off reservations will be linked with gambling behaviors. Ecological factors will also include census data (tribal and non-tribal census block data) describing the degree of neighborhood/geographic-area disadvantage. Using problem behavior theory, this study will examine the co-occurrence of frequent gambling and alcohol and other drug use among Native Americans by combining this sample of Native Americans with the projected 150 Native Americans to be interviewed in the ongoing national survey of gambling. Unlike the general population survey, this study of Native Americans will develop and test measures pertinent to traditional Native American culture which is hypothesized to be a protective factor for problem gambling and alcohol abuse among Native Americans. The ultimate goal of this pilot study is to serve as the basis for a larger, representative U.S. study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans. This research is needed to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs for Native Americans in the U.S.