Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use

描述（申请人提供）：尽管在美洲原住民的土地和周围的地理区域赌博机会的可用性显着增加，但缺乏研究赌博的可用性和社会人口因素对赌博频率的影响，问题赌博和同时发生的酒精和其他药物滥用在美国的美洲原住民之间。生态和社会文化对美洲原住民赌博和酒精使用的影响，是一项试点研究，旨在开发和测试文化敏感的流行病学措施和方法，以确定赌博的相关性，问题赌博和共同发生的酒精和其他药物使用之间的美洲原住民在美国的不同样本。对美国本土美国人赌博和药物使用的代表性全国性研究将对来自美国本土美国人密度高的地理区域的250名18岁及以上的美国本土成年人进行电话采访。这项调查将使用美国土著居民的固定电话和手机号码作为目标样本。居住地将进行地理编码，并与美国人口普查数据相联系，这些数据可用于部落指定的统计区以及美洲原住民保留地和保留地外的信托基金 之地此外，赌博和药物使用的措施将与我们正在进行的NIH资助的美国成年人一般人群中赌博和药物使用的研究相媲美。根据社会生态学理论，使用赌博设施的地理编码地址的赌博机会的可用性将与赌博行为联系起来。生态因素还将包括人口普查数据（部落和非部落人口普查区数据），说明邻里/地理区域的不利程度。使用问题行为理论，本研究将研究经常赌博和酒精和其他药物的使用土著美国人的共同发生相结合的土著美国人的样本与预计150土著美国人在正在进行的全国赌博调查接受采访。与一般人口调查不同，这项对美洲原住民的研究将制定和测试与传统美洲原住民文化有关的措施，这些措施被假设为美洲原住民赌博和酗酒问题的保护因素。这项试点研究的最终目标是作为一个更大的，有代表性的美国研究的基础上赌博和物质使用的美洲原住民。这项研究是为美国土著人制定有针对性的预防和干预计划所必需的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite a marked increase in the availability of gambling opportunities on Native American lands and in surrounding geographic areas, there is a lack of research examining the effects of gambling availability and sociodemographic factors on the frequency of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug abuse among Native Americans in the U.S. This revised R21 application, Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use, is a pilot study to develop and test culturally-sensitive epidemiologic measures and methods to determine the correlates of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug use among a diverse sample of Native Americans in the U.S. This pilot study will provide the basis for a larger, representative national study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans in the U.S. Telephone interviews will be conducted with 250 Native American adults aged 18 years and older from geographic areas across the U.S. with high densities of Native Americans. The survey will use a targeted U.S. sample of landline and cell phone numbers of Native Americans. Place of residence will be geo-coded and linked with U.S. census data which is available for tribal- designated statistical areas and for Native American reservations and off-reservation trust lands. In addition, the measures of gambling and substance use will be comparable to our ongoing NIH-funded study of gambling and substance use among the general population of adults in the U.S. Based on social ecology theory, the availability of gambling opportunities using geo-coded addresses of gambling facilities on and off reservations will be linked with gambling behaviors. Ecological factors will also include census data (tribal and non-tribal census block data) describing the degree of neighborhood/geographic-area disadvantage. Using problem behavior theory, this study will examine the co-occurrence of frequent gambling and alcohol and other drug use among Native Americans by combining this sample of Native Americans with the projected 150 Native Americans to be interviewed in the ongoing national survey of gambling. Unlike the general population survey, this study of Native Americans will develop and test measures pertinent to traditional Native American culture which is hypothesized to be a protective factor for problem gambling and alcohol abuse among Native Americans. The ultimate goal of this pilot study is to serve as the basis for a larger, representative U.S. study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans. This research is needed to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs for Native Americans in the U.S.