Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use

描述(由申请人提供)：尽管在美洲原住民土地和周围地理区域赌博机会显著增加，但缺乏研究赌博可获得性和社会人口因素对美国美洲原住民赌博频率、问题赌博和酒精及其他药物滥用的影响的研究。这项修订后的R21申请，生态和社会文化对美洲原住民赌博和酒精使用的影响，是一项初步研究，旨在开发和测试文化敏感的流行病学措施和方法，以确定赌博的相关性，这项初步研究将为更大规模、更具代表性的美国印第安人赌博和药物使用情况的全国性研究奠定基础。电话访谈将对来自美国各地印第安人高密度地区的250名18岁及以上的印第安人进行。这项调查将使用有针对性的美国原住民固定电话和手机号码样本。居住地将进行地理编码，并与美国人口普查数据相联系，美国人口普查数据可用于部落指定的统计区、美洲原住民保留地和保留外信托 土地。此外，赌博和药物使用的衡量标准将与我们正在进行的由美国国立卫生研究院资助的关于美国普通成年人中赌博和药物使用的研究相当。根据社会生态学理论，使用保留地内外赌博设施的地理编码地址获得赌博机会将与赌博行为联系在一起。生态因素还将包括描述邻里/地理区域劣势程度的人口普查数据(部落和非部落人口普查区块数据)。利用问题行为理论，这项研究将通过将这一美洲原住民样本与正在进行的全国赌博调查中预计将接受采访的150名美洲原住民结合起来，检查美洲原住民中频繁赌博和酗酒及其他毒品使用的共同发生情况。与一般的人口调查不同，这项对美洲原住民的研究将开发和测试与美国传统美洲原住民文化相关的措施，这被假设为美洲原住民中存在的赌博和酗酒问题的保护因素。这项初步研究的最终目标是为更大规模、更具代表性的美国原住民赌博和药物使用研究奠定基础。这项研究是为美国原住民制定有针对性的预防和干预计划所必需的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite a marked increase in the availability of gambling opportunities on Native American lands and in surrounding geographic areas, there is a lack of research examining the effects of gambling availability and sociodemographic factors on the frequency of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug abuse among Native Americans in the U.S. This revised R21 application, Ecological & Sociocultural Influences on Native American Gambling & Alcohol Use, is a pilot study to develop and test culturally-sensitive epidemiologic measures and methods to determine the correlates of gambling, problem gambling and co-occurring alcohol and other drug use among a diverse sample of Native Americans in the U.S. This pilot study will provide the basis for a larger, representative national study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans in the U.S. Telephone interviews will be conducted with 250 Native American adults aged 18 years and older from geographic areas across the U.S. with high densities of Native Americans. The survey will use a targeted U.S. sample of landline and cell phone numbers of Native Americans. Place of residence will be geo-coded and linked with U.S. census data which is available for tribal- designated statistical areas and for Native American reservations and off-reservation trust lands. In addition, the measures of gambling and substance use will be comparable to our ongoing NIH-funded study of gambling and substance use among the general population of adults in the U.S. Based on social ecology theory, the availability of gambling opportunities using geo-coded addresses of gambling facilities on and off reservations will be linked with gambling behaviors. Ecological factors will also include census data (tribal and non-tribal census block data) describing the degree of neighborhood/geographic-area disadvantage. Using problem behavior theory, this study will examine the co-occurrence of frequent gambling and alcohol and other drug use among Native Americans by combining this sample of Native Americans with the projected 150 Native Americans to be interviewed in the ongoing national survey of gambling. Unlike the general population survey, this study of Native Americans will develop and test measures pertinent to traditional Native American culture which is hypothesized to be a protective factor for problem gambling and alcohol abuse among Native Americans. The ultimate goal of this pilot study is to serve as the basis for a larger, representative U.S. study of gambling and substance use among Native Americans. This research is needed to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs for Native Americans in the U.S.