Climate change and management of forest biodiversity: predicting the impacts of climate matching strategies on plant-herbivore-enemy interactions.

气候变化和森林生物多样性管理：预测气候匹配策略对植物-草食动物-敌人相互作用的影响。

• 批准号: NE/H000135/1
• 负责人: Karsten Schonrogge
• 金额: $ 40.1万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH000135%2F1
• 关键词: Climate; change; management; forest; biodiversity

The world is experiencing rapid climate change with a predicted rise in global average temperatures of 2-5?C over the next 50 years. Among a range of predicted ecosystem impacts, one already documented is a temperature-driven shift in species distributions & within-species genetic diversity in many mobile animal taxa. However, long-lived plants, including keystone forest trees, disperse slowly & cannot adapt to rapid climate change within the lifespan of individuals. Forests are likely to be among the first habitats impacted by climate change, a realisation driving the search for appropriate management responses. Current practice involves replanting every 50 - 100 years with locally sourced seed populations (or provenances). However, as climates change, local tree phenotypes are predicted to become increasingly poorly adapted to local conditions. One strategy that has been proposed to mitigate this impact in forestry is replanting with 'climate matched' tree populations, i.e. to identify areas in Europe that experience now the climate predicted for the UK 50 - 100 years from now, & to use provenances from these locations in replanting. Though intuitively attractive, climate matching is not without risk. Planting with non-native tree provenances may disrupt highly-specific interactions between local trees and associated animals, potentially undermining ecosystem processes including natural pest control valued at billions of dollars annually. Further, non-native trees are likely to respond to northern seasonal patterns in such a way that their usual timing of key biological processes, particularly the timing of production of new leaves in spring (or budburst), is disrupted. This in turn could have major consequences for dependent animals - particularly herbivorous insects and the predators that depend on them (including many song birds). This project addresses the key question for climate matching: what is the impact of growing non-native oak provenances, with different biological traits to native oaks, on the biodiversity of herbivores and predators? The work contributes to predicting the biodiversity consequences of climate change, directly addressing Topic 3 (points 2 & 3) in the EHFI call & testing hypotheses of general relevance in climate change ecology. We will examine these issues in the sessile oak, Quercus petraea, a keystone species for hundreds of associated animal species in Britain and continental Europe. We will make use of a large-scale experiment in France that recreates the impact of climate matching by growing sessile oaks from many parts of Europe and Asia Minor together in a single trial, all exposed to the same community of local herbivores and predators. As expected in climate matching, oaks imported from differing latitudes open their leaves at very different times, some earlier and some later than local oaks. We will examine the biodiversity consequences of variation in this and other biological traits by surveying the insect herbivores and their wasp natural enemies in 20 provenances capturing the full biological and genetic diversity of sessile oak. Specifically, we will test how biodiversity changes in response to differences in traits (including timing of budburst) between local and non-native oaks. We aim not only to test a range of hypotheses of general importance in climate change ecology, but also to generate statistical relationships that allow forestry managers and other stakeholders to predict likely biodiversity consequences of climate matching as a strategy. This project addresses the stated aims of the CEH and NERC missions to predict the regional & local impacts of environmental change from days to decades, to quantify the impact of environmental change on natural resources (Challenge IV, CEH Science Strategy), & to identify strategies & control measures to mitigate impacts of environmental change on ecosystems, ecosystem services (Challenge VI).

世界正在经历快速的气候变化，预计全球平均气温将上升2-5？C未来50年在一系列预测的生态系统影响中，一个已经记录在案的是温度驱动的物种分布变化和许多移动的动物类群的物种内遗传多样性。然而，长寿的植物，包括基石森林树木，分散缓慢，无法适应个人生命周期内的快速气候变化。森林很可能是最先受到气候变化影响的栖息地之一，这一认识推动了寻求适当的管理对策。目前的做法是每50 - 100年用当地来源的种子种群（或种源）重新种植。然而，随着气候的变化，预计当地树木的表型越来越不适应当地的条件。已经提出的一种减轻林业影响的策略是用“气候匹配”的树木种群进行重新种植，即确定欧洲现在经历英国50 - 100年后预测的气候的地区，并使用这些地区的种源进行重新种植。虽然直观上很有吸引力，但气候匹配并非没有风险。种植非本地树木种源可能会破坏当地树木和相关动物之间高度特异性的相互作用，可能会破坏生态系统过程，包括每年价值数十亿美元的自然害虫控制。此外，非本地树木可能会对北方的季节模式作出反应，从而打乱了它们通常的关键生物过程的时间安排，特别是春季（或萌芽）长出新叶的时间安排。这反过来可能对依赖性动物产生重大影响-特别是食草昆虫和依赖它们的捕食者（包括许多鸣禽）。该项目解决了气候匹配的关键问题：生长的非本地橡树种源，与本地橡树不同的生物学特性，对食草动物和捕食者的生物多样性有什么影响？这项工作有助于预测气候变化的生物多样性后果，直接解决EHFI呼吁中的主题3（第2和第3点），并测试气候变化生态学中普遍相关的假设。我们将研究这些问题的无柄橡树，栎petraea，一个关键物种的数百个相关的动物物种在英国和欧洲大陆。我们将利用法国的一项大规模实验，通过在一次试验中种植来自欧洲和小亚细亚许多地区的无柄橡树，重现气候匹配的影响，所有这些橡树都暴露在同一个当地食草动物和捕食者社区中。正如气候匹配所预期的那样，从不同纬度进口的橡树在非常不同的时间打开它们的叶子，有些比当地橡树早，有些比当地橡树晚。我们将通过调查20个种源中的昆虫食草动物及其黄蜂天敌来研究生物多样性变化的后果，这些种源捕获了无柄橡树的全部生物和遗传多样性。具体来说，我们将测试生物多样性如何变化，以应对当地和非本地橡树之间的性状差异（包括萌芽时间）。我们的目标不仅是测试一系列的假设，在气候变化生态学的普遍重要性，而且还产生统计关系，使林业管理人员和其他利益相关者预测可能的气候匹配的生物多样性后果作为一种战略。该项目解决了CEH和NERC任务的既定目标，即预测环境变化的区域和地方影响，从几天到几十年，量化环境变化对自然资源的影响（挑战四，CEH科学战略），并确定战略和控制措施，以减轻环境变化对生态系统的影响，生态系统服务（挑战六）。

项目成果

Community impacts of anthropogenic disturbance: natural enemies exploit multiple routes in pursuit of invading herbivore hosts.

• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-322
• 发表时间: 2010-10-23
• 期刊: BMC evolutionary biology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Nicholls JA;Fuentes-Utrilla P;Hayward A;Melika G;Csóka G;Nieves-Aldrey JL;Pujade-Villar J;Tavakoli M;Schönrogge K;Stone GN
• 通讯作者: Stone GN

Range expansion and enemy recruitment by eight alien gall wasp species in Britain

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00161.x
• 发表时间: 2012-07
• 期刊: Insect Conservation and Diversity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: K. Schönrogge;T. Begg;Robin Williams;G. Melika;Z. Randle;G. Stone

Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in cynipid oak galls in the West Palaearctic

古北界西部栎瘿中的寄生蜂和寄生蜂目录

• DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3643.1.1
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Zootaxa
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: ASKEW R

Impacts of local adaptation of forest trees on associations with herbivorous insects: implications for adaptive forest management.

当地适应林木对与草食昆虫的关联的影响：对适应性森林管理的影响。

• DOI: 10.1111/eva.12329
• 发表时间: 2015-12
• 期刊: Evolutionary applications
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Sinclair FH;Stone GN;Nicholls JA;Cavers S;Gibbs M;Butterill P;Wagner S;Ducousso A;Gerber S;Petit RJ;Kremer A;Schönrogge K
• 通讯作者: Schönrogge K