Southern High Latitude Vegetation Response to Rapid Climate Change at the Cenozoic Greenhouse to Icehouse Transition

南方高纬度地区新生代温室向冰库过渡过程中植被对快速气候变化的响应

• 批准号: NE/H000984/1
• 负责人: Ulrich Salzmann
• 金额: $ 11.71万
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH000984%2F1
• 关键词: Southern; Latitude; Vegetation; Response; Rapid

PROJECT SUMMARY As a result of continuous burning of fossil fuel, the global environment is facing a crisis stemming from rapidly rising concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. Assuming greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates, carbon dioxide will reach nearly triple the pre-industrial concentrations by the end of this century. This is expected to raise global mean temperatures to a level not seen for more than 32 million years. According to the latest assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the high latitudes will experience the largest temperature increases, resulting in a rapid melting of polar ice-sheets and global sea level rise. For a further understanding of potential changes that our world may undergo in the future, it is vital to study environmental changes during past warm periods and across major climatic thresholds. The proposed research project will reconstruct past vegetation of Antarctica and southern Australasia during the Eocene (ca 55-34 million years ago). The Eocene is a geological time period of exceptional warmth, with atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeding triple the pre-industrial levels. The project will reconstruct past vegetation by analysing pollen in sediments deposited during Eocene times. Vegetation provides detailed information on a number of important environmental parameters, such as annual temperature and precipitation, length of growing season, minimum and maximum temperatures, and soils. Of particular interest for this study are very short-lived time intervals during the early and late Eocene, during which carbon dioxide concentration and temperatures changed rapidly. For a full understanding of their climate forcings and mechanisms, the analysed sediments must have a high time resolution and unambiguous dating control, in order to relate them to respective past climate events. The marine cores 1171 and 1171, taken offshore Tasmania as part of the International Ocean Deep Drilling Programme Leg 189, as well as Eocene rock outcrops at Cape Foulwind in New Zealand, have been chosen for the proposed study, as they provide an unprecedented opportunity to produce high resolution pollen records for Antarctica and adjacent sub-polar regions. The data will be interpreted in a global context and related to Arctic palaeoenvironmental reconstructions by integrating them into the global GIS database TEVIS (Tertiary Environment and Vegetation Information System). The TEVIS dataset will be compared with a number of simulations using the cutting edge Hadley Centre climate model (used within the climate assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change IPCC). By combining regional high-resolution pollen analyses with global data-model comparison, this proposed study will foster a deeper understanding of how the terrestrial environments and polar ice sheets responded, and might respond in the future, to rapid changes in temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration. By indicating weakness and strength, the data-model comparison will also contribute to the improvement of climate models that we rely upon for simulating future climate change.

由于化石燃料的持续燃烧，全球环境正面临着大气中二氧化碳和其他温室气体浓度迅速上升所造成的危机。假设温室气体排放量保持或超过目前的速度，到本世纪末，二氧化碳浓度将达到工业化前的近三倍。预计这将使全球平均气温上升到3200多万年来从未见过的水平。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的最新评估，高纬度地区将经历最大幅度的温度上升，导致极地冰盖迅速融化和全球海平面上升。为了进一步了解我们的世界未来可能发生的潜在变化，研究过去温暖时期和主要气候阈值期间的环境变化至关重要。拟议的研究项目将重建始新世（约5500万至3400万年前）期间南极洲和澳大拉西亚南部的过去植被。始新世是一个异常温暖的地质时期，大气中的二氧化碳浓度超过工业化前水平的三倍。该项目将通过分析始新世沉积物中的花粉来重建过去的植被。植被提供了一些重要环境参数的详细信息，如年温度和降水量、生长季节的长度、最低和最高温度以及土壤。这项研究特别感兴趣的是始新世早期和晚期非常短暂的时间间隔，在此期间，二氧化碳浓度和温度迅速变化。为了充分了解它们的气候强迫和机制，所分析的沉积物必须具有高的时间分辨率和明确的定年控制，以便将它们与各自的过去气候事件联系起来。作为国际海洋深层钻探计划第189航次的一部分，在塔斯马尼亚近海采集的海洋岩心1171和1171，以及新西兰Foulwind角的始新世岩石露头，已被选定用于拟议的研究，因为它们提供了一个前所未有的机会，可以为南极洲和邻近的亚极地地区制作高分辨率的花粉记录。这些数据将在全球范围内加以解释，并通过将其纳入全球地理信息系统数据库TEVIS（第三纪环境和植被信息系统），与北极古环境重建联系起来。TEVIS数据集将与使用最先进的哈德利中心气候模型（用于政府间气候变化专门委员会气候评估报告）进行的一些模拟进行比较。通过将区域高分辨率花粉分析与全球数据模型比较相结合，这项拟议的研究将促进对陆地环境和极地冰盖如何应对以及未来可能应对温度和大气CO2浓度快速变化的更深入了解。通过指出弱点和优势，数据-模型比较也将有助于改进我们用来模拟未来气候变化的气候模型。

项目成果

A global synthesis of the marine and terrestrial evidence for glaciation during the Pliocene Epoch

• DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.04.003
• 发表时间: 2014-08-01
• 期刊: EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 12.1
• 作者: De Schepper, Stijn;Gibbard, Philip L.;Ehlers, Juergen
• 通讯作者: Ehlers, Juergen

Early to middle Miocene vegetation and climate at the Wilkes Land margin, East Antarctica

东南极洲威尔克斯地边缘早中新世植被和气候

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: The Micropalaeontological Society Annual General Meeting 2012, Keyworth, Nottingham, 11-13 November 2012
• 作者: Salzmann, U.

Oligocene to Miocene terrestrial climate change and the demise of forests onWilkes Land, East Antarctica

渐新世至中新世陆地气候变化和东南极洲威尔克斯地森林的消亡

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Salzmann, Ulrich

Heterogeneity in global vegetation and terrestrial climate change during the late Eocene to early Oligocene transition.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep43386
• 发表时间: 2017-02-24
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Pound MJ;Salzmann U
• 通讯作者: Salzmann U

Southern Ocean warming and Wilkes Land ice sheet retreat during the mid-Miocene.

中新世中期，南大洋变暖和威尔克斯在冰盖上撤退。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02609-7
• 发表时间: 2018-01-22
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Sangiorgi F;Bijl PK;Passchier S;Salzmann U;Schouten S;McKay R;Cody RD;Pross J;van de Flierdt T;Bohaty SM;Levy R;Williams T;Escutia C;Brinkhuis H
• 通讯作者: Brinkhuis H