MUSCULOSKELETAL STIFFNESS AND LOCOMOTION

肌肉骨骼僵硬和运动

• 批准号: 6171765
• 负责人: CLAIRE T FARLEY
• 金额: $ 1.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-15 至 2001-02-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6171765
• 关键词: ankle; biomechanics; chordate locomotion; clinical research; elasticity; gait; human subject; joint stiffness; limb movement; muscle function; neuroregulation; posture; sports medicine; surface property; young adult human (21-34)

Muscles, tendons, and ligaments have spring-like characteristics. Because these musculoskeletal elements change length when joints flex or extend, it is not surprising that joints exhibit spring-like characteristics. The control of musculoskeletal stiffness is complex with many factors affecting the stiffness of each joint. However, in some multi-jointed movements, including mammalian running, the elements of the musculoskeletal system are integrated together so that the overall musculoskeletal system exhibits spring-like behavior. Experimental findings on the mechanics of running gaits have revealed that the overall musculoskeletal system behaves like a single linear spring in all of the mammals studied to date, including running humans, trotting dogs and horses, and hopping kangaroos. This observation has led to the development of a spring-mass model for running, consisting of a single linear massless "leg spring" and a mass. The "leg spring" represents the spring-like characteristics of the overall integrated musculoskeletal system during locomotion, and the mass is equivalent to the mass of the animal. The general objective of the proposed research is to gain an understanding of the link between musculoskeletal stiffness and locomotion biomechanics. Given the complexity of the control of the stiffness of a single muscle or joint, it is not realistic to use a forward dynamics approach that begins at the level of the stiffness-of a single muscle and attempts to explain the mechanics of running. We propose to use an inverse dynamics approach that begins by focusing on the link between locomotion mechanics and overall musculoskeletal stiffness. Under the umbrella of Specific Aim 1, the importance of adjustments to the stiffness of the overall musculoskeletal system to accommodate running on varied terrain is examined. This research will involve examining the adjustments to musculoskeletal stiffness for running on surfaces of different stiffnesses and surfaces of varying predictability. Under the umbrella of Specific Aim 2, we will do a series of interrelated studies examining the mechanisms for adjusting the stiffness of the overall musculoskeletal system during running. These studies will include examining the range over which the stiffness of a single joint of the leg can be adjusted during locomotion. In addition, it will involve examining the relative importance of changes to joint stiffness and posture in adjusting the stiffness of the overall musculoskeletal system during running. The experiments under both Specific Aims l and 2 will involve a combined kinetic and kinematic analysis of running to determine overall musculoskeletal stiffness and joint stiffness. The findings will give new information about the optimal design of floors and tracks for minimizing overuse injuries during sustained weight-bearing aerobic activities, and the optimal design of spring-based prosthetic legs and robotic legs. Finally, our research will begin applying knowledge of the neural control of joint stiffness to understanding the mechanics of a natural activity that is performed by all legged animals, locomotion.

肌肉、肌腱和韧带具有弹簧般的特性。 因为 当关节弯曲或伸展时，这些肌肉骨骼元件会改变长度， 关节表现出类似弹簧的特性并不奇怪。这 肌肉骨骼刚度的控制很复杂，涉及许多因素 影响各关节的刚度。然而，在一些多关节 运动，包括哺乳动物的跑步， 肌肉骨骼系统整合在一起，使整体 肌肉骨骼系统表现出类似弹簧的行为。实验性的 关于跑步步态机制的研究结果表明，总体而言 肌肉骨骼系统的所有行为就像一个线性弹簧 迄今为止研究的哺乳动物，包括奔跑的人类、奔跑的狗和 马和跳跃的袋鼠。这一观察导致了发展 用于跑步的弹簧质量模型，由单个线性无质量组成 “腿弹簧”和一个质量。 “腿弹簧”代表弹簧般的 整个综合肌肉骨骼系统的特征 运动，质量相当于动物的质量。这 拟议研究的总体目标是了解 肌肉骨骼刚度与运动生物力学之间的联系。 考虑到单个肌肉或肌肉的硬度控制的复杂性 联合起来，使用开始的正向动力学方法是不现实的 在单块肌肉的僵硬水平上并试图解释 跑步的机制。我们建议使用逆动力学方法 首先关注运动力学和 整体肌肉骨骼僵硬。在具体目标 1 的保护下， 调整整体刚度的重要性 适应在不同地形上跑步的肌肉骨骼系统 检查了。这项研究将涉及检查调整 在不同硬度的表面上跑步时的肌肉骨骼硬度 和不同可预测性的表面。在具体目标的保护下 2、我们将做一系列相关的研究来检验其机制 用于调整整个肌肉骨骼系统的刚度 跑步。这些研究将包括检查 腿部单个关节的刚度可以在运动过程中进行调节。 此外，还将涉及检查变更的相对重要性 以关节刚度和姿势来调整整体的刚度 跑步时的肌肉骨骼系统。两种特定条件下的实验 目标 l 和 2 将涉及组合动力学和运动学分析 跑步以确定整体肌肉骨骼刚度和关节 刚性。研究结果将提供有关优化设计的新信息 地板和轨道，以尽量减少持续期间的过度使用伤害 负重有氧运动及基于弹簧的优化设计 假肢和机器人腿。最后，我们的研究将开始 应用关节刚度的神经控制知识 了解所有人执行的自然活动的机制 有腿的动物，运动。