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Developing radiocarbon dating of bone amino acids: refining chronology and resolving dietary and reservoir effects.

开发骨氨基酸放射性碳测年法：完善年代学并解决饮食和储存效应。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H004491/1
负责人：
Robert Hedges
金额：
$ 50.86万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH004491%2F1
关键词：
Developing radiocarbon dating bone amino

项目摘要

The carbon isotopes in protein that survives in archaeological human bone come from the food that was eaten, and so they record a basic vital aspect of our past struggle for existence. One isotope, radiocarbon, also enables us to measure the time since the food was eaten. An interesting complication arises when the food is from the sea, or from rivers or lakes. In such cases, radiocarbon dates are often erroneously old due to 'radiocarbon reservoirs' arising from geochemical effects between the atmosphere and the organisms being eaten. We have developed a method which is able to dissect this complication, and use it to unravel both the error in the dating, and to estimate the extent to which such aquatic resources were being consumed. Our method is able to measure individual components (amino acids) in the protein, and compare those which are known to have different dietary origins (i.e. the essential and non-essential amino acids). In this research we aim to develop the laboratory method to a fully robust state, and then test it over a range of suitable applications, where dates or diets are in question. This new method will enable the radiocarbon dating of human remains to be made more accurately, since the effects of radiocarbon reservoirs can be detected and avoided. At the same time, it can provide definitive evidence, which can be quantified, for freshwater fish consumption. Our project here builds the foundation for such a study in Europe. The eventual goal is to understand the role of freshwater fish consumption during the transition to farming that swept across Europe some 8000 years ago. Rather little is known about the continuation of fishing, even though rivers were important for migration and settlement, because the evidence has been hard to obtain. It seems that fishing probably ceased in some areas (as also with sea-fishing) but continued in others. This new methodology will sharpen the chronology, and the understanding of subsistence, of how rapidly the Neolithic way of life took root across Europe. We make a start by addressing the best studied area of the Danube Basin.

在考古人类骨骼中幸存的蛋白质中的碳同位素来自所吃的食物，因此它们记录了我们过去生存斗争的一个基本的重要方面。放射性碳的同位素之一也使我们能够测量食物被吃掉的时间。当食物来自海洋、河流或湖泊时，一个有趣的复杂情况出现了。在这种情况下，放射性碳年代往往是错误的老，因为“放射性碳水库”产生的地球化学效应之间的大气和生物被吃掉。我们已经开发出一种方法，能够剖析这种复杂性，并利用它来解开日期中的错误，并估计这些水生资源被消耗的程度。我们的方法能够测量蛋白质中的单个组分（氨基酸），并比较已知具有不同饮食来源的组分（即必需和非必需氨基酸）。在这项研究中，我们的目标是将实验室方法发展到完全稳健的状态，然后在一系列合适的应用中对其进行测试，其中日期或饮食是有问题的。这种新方法将使人类遗骸的放射性碳年代测定更加准确，因为可以检测和避免放射性碳库的影响。与此同时，它可以为淡水鱼消费提供明确的证据，这些证据可以量化。我们在这里的项目为在欧洲进行这样的研究奠定了基础。最终的目标是了解淡水鱼消费在8000年前席卷欧洲的农业转型过程中的作用。尽管河流对移民和定居很重要，但人们对捕鱼的持续性知之甚少，因为很难获得证据。似乎有些地区的捕鱼活动可能已经停止（海洋捕鱼也是如此），但其他地区的捕鱼活动仍在继续。这种新的方法将使我们更清楚地了解新石器时代的生活方式是如何迅速地在欧洲扎根的。我们首先从多瑙河流域最好的研究区域开始。