DELAY DISCOUNTING & IMPULSIVENESS IN METHADONE PATIENTS

描述：(申请人摘要) 瘾君子倾向于冲动地做出反应，选择即时的小事情 奖励比更大但延迟的奖励更重要。一种似乎很有用的方法 在理解冲动选择方面，研究的是延迟折扣，或者说如何 奖励的主观价值，如现金或药物，通过延迟来调整 奖赏。研究表明，瘾君子的特点是 延迟折扣率和冲动性得分高于非瘾君子。然而，它是 目前还不清楚这样的分数是否与吸毒成瘾的严重程度相关，如果 他们预测成瘾治疗的成功率，或者药物是否有效 上瘾治疗会改变延迟贴现率或冲动。的目的是 这个项目是比较未经治疗和成功治疗的阿片成瘾者。 在延迟贴现率和冲动得分方面。30人未接受治疗 阿片成瘾者，30名曾接受美沙酮维持的患者 治疗和戒毒至少两年，20名匹配的非物质 作为对照的施虐者将被纳入这项研究。所有受试者都将 提供尿样，以便对滥用药物进行检测。数据收集 将在一次2小时的会议中完成。延迟折扣率将为 使用选择程序评估固定延迟金钱奖励， 以及各种数额较小的现金，可以立即获得。所有选择都将是 在假想的回报之间。延迟的金钱奖励的两个数量级 并将调查8个延迟间隔。冲动程度将用 艾森克人格问卷。所获得的结果将解决 美沙酮患者的可能性：a)延迟折扣和冲动 可能是固定的个性特征，b)延迟贴现率和/或 冲动得分可能受药物滥用的不同影响，以及c) 延迟折扣率和/或冲动得分可以通过以下方式修改 治疗。从这项研究中获得的结果将有助于 延迟折扣率、冲动与成瘾之间的关系 治疗，并将有助于确定进一步研究的必要性。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Addicts tend to respond impulsively in the sense of choosing small immediate rewards over larger but delayed rewards. One approach that appears to be useful in understanding impulsive choices is the study of delay discounting, or how the subjective value of a reward such as cash or drugs is modulated by delay to the reward. Research shows that addicts are characterized by higher delay-discounting rates and impulsivity scores than non addicts. However, it is still unknown if such scores correlate with the severity of drug addiction, if they predict rates of addiction treatment success, or if effective drug addiction treatment modifies delay-discounting rates or impulsivity. The aim of this project is to compare untreated, and successfully treated opiate addicts in terms of delay-discounting rates and impulsivity scores. Thirty untreated opiate addicts, thirty patients who have been in methadone maintenance treatment and drug-free for at least two years, and 20 matched non substance abusers serving as controls will be enrolled in the study. All subjects will provide a urine sample that will be tested for drugs of abuse. Data collection will be done during a single 2-hour session. Delay-discounting rates will be assessed with a choice procedure between a fixed delayed monetary reward, and various smaller amounts of cash to be had immediately. All choices will be between hypothetical rewards. Two magnitudes of the delayed monetary reward and 8 delay intervals will be investigated. Impulsivity will be assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The obtained results will address the possibility that in methadone patients: a) delay-discounting and impulsivity might be fixed personality traits , b) delay-discounting rates and/or impulsivity scores might be differentially affected by drug abuse, and c) that delay-discounting rates and/or impulsivity scores might be modifiable by treatment. The results obtained from this study will shed light on the relationships between delay-discounting rates, impulsivity, and addiction treatment, and will be useful in determining the need for further research.