权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

An Aircraft-Deployable GPS Stake Network for Antarctic Glaciers

用于南极冰川的飞机可部署 GPS 桩网络

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I007156/1
负责人：
Hilmar Gudmundsson
金额：
$ 69.15万
依托单位：
British Antarctic Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI007156%2F1
关键词：
Aircraft Deployable GPS Stake Network

项目摘要

The main objective of the proposed work is to design and build low-cost pole-based GPS sensors, called 'Javelins', that can be installed on the surface of a glacier by airdropping them from an aircraft. The positions would be data compressed locally and stored by a low-cost field microcontroller on the pole. They would then be sent to an existing data repository in the British Antarctic Survey's UK headquarters, via the Iridium satellite data network in short cost-effective bursts. As a practical implementation of this network we propose to instrument one of the most rapidly changing regions of the Antarctic ice sheet, the Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica, with a network of these sensors providing a key data set to study the current contribution of the cryosphere to sea level change. The scientific community has explicitly identified a need to better monitor the contribution of glaciers and ice sheets to worldwide sea level change. Currently sea-level is changing at a rate of 2.5 to 3 mm per year, which is considerably higher than projected in the last IPCC report (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, 2007-8). It has become increasingly evident that most of the contribution of ice sheets and glaciers to sea level change originates from a few highly dynamic areas, such as the remote Pine Island Glacier. Such regions are difficult or impossible to reach by ground via overland treks or through aircraft landing. Remote sensing can provide some motion and flow data in these areas, but such techniques are restricted by poor temporal resolution and lack of stable tracking features. Thus, terrestrial sensor equipment that can be deployed by air is the only option for monitoring these critical regions. Our 'Javelins' would be dropped from the aircraft at a suitable altitude, rapidly attain a vertical attitude, and strike the glacier surface where they would bury themselves to a suitable depth to provide stability. Multiple years of daily position updates would be collected from the devices before they would be eventually buried. The proposal team has already deployed similar sensors individually, using more traditional on-site installations. Due to the increased risk of poor deployment from a moving aircraft, a denser network of Javelins will be deployed, increasing our spatial resolution with an expectation that some of the sensors may be inoperable. Elimination of repeated aircraft landings and takeoffs are an additional cost reduction benefit of this deployment method. The devices could also therefore be deployed in any region where a dense sensor network installation would otherwise be uneconomic, such as the deep interior of Antarctica. Designing a 'disposable' sensor for an environmentally sensitive area will require individual sensors made of inexpensive material with low environmental impact. We will focus upon the aerodynamics of the Javelin, to maximize the number of successful airborne deployments. The end result will be a design and manufacturing plans for a product that will be of use to the British Antarctic Survey in several glacier regions beyond grounding lines. It may be manufactured and used in any other scientific or industrial endeavour that seeks to collect data from hazardous glacier areas. We will also gain critical knowledge of the Pine Island Glacier; this data itself will be of great use to the IPCC and the researchers in glaciology. The British Antarctic Survey is one of only a few worldwide organisations with logistics capable of operating in West Antarctica, and the only European organisation able to do so. The Principal Investigator, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, has several years experience of deploying GPS devices in the Antarctic and extensive experience in working in many glaciated areas around the world. The timing of this proposal coincides with other planned works on the Pine Island Glacier in the next three years, helping us to save costs of logistics.

这项拟议工作的主要目标是设计和制造低成本的杆基GPS传感器，即所谓的标枪，可以通过从飞机上空投的方式安装在冰川表面。这些位置将是本地压缩的数据，并由杆子上的低成本现场微控制器存储。然后，这些数据将通过Iridium卫星数据网络以短时间、低成本的方式发送到英国南极调查英国总部的现有数据库。作为这一网络的一个实际实施，我们建议用仪器测量南极冰盖变化最快的区域之一--西南极的松岛冰川，这些传感器的网络提供了一个关键数据集，用于研究目前冰冻圈对海平面变化的贡献。科学界明确指出，有必要更好地监测冰川和冰盖对全球海平面变化的影响。目前，海平面正以每年2.5至3毫米的速度变化，大大高于政府间气候变化专门委员会上一份报告(南极研究科学委员会，2007-2008年)的预测。越来越明显的是，冰盖和冰川对海平面变化的大部分贡献来自少数几个高度活跃的地区，例如偏远的松岛冰川。这些地区很难或不可能通过地面、陆路跋涉或飞机降落到达。遥感可以提供这些地区的一些运动和流动数据，但这种技术受到时间分辨率低和缺乏稳定跟踪特征的限制。因此，可以通过空中部署的陆地传感器设备是监测这些关键地区的唯一选择。我们的“标枪”将在合适的高度从飞机上落下，迅速达到垂直姿态，并撞击冰川表面，在那里它们将自己埋入适当的深度以提供稳定性。在这些设备最终被掩埋之前，将从这些设备收集多年的每日位置更新。提案团队已经单独部署了类似的传感器，使用更传统的现场安装。由于从移动的飞机上部署不当的风险增加，将部署更密集的标枪网络，从而提高我们的空间分辨率，预计一些传感器可能无法操作。消除飞机重复着陆和起飞是这种部署方法的一个额外的成本降低好处。因此，这些设备也可以部署在任何密集的传感器网络安装不经济的地区，比如南极洲的深处。为环境敏感地区设计“一次性”传感器需要单独的传感器，这些传感器由廉价材料制成，对环境的影响很小。我们将重点研究标枪的空气动力学，以最大限度地增加成功的空中部署数量。最终结果将是一种产品的设计和制造计划，该产品将在接地线以外的几个冰川地区用于英国南极调查。它可以被制造并用于寻求从危险的冰川地区收集数据的任何其他科学或工业努力中。我们还将获得有关松岛冰川的关键知识；这些数据本身将对政府间气候变化专门委员会和冰川学研究人员大有裨益。英国南极调查局是少数几个能够在南极洲西部开展业务的全球组织之一，也是唯一有能力这样做的欧洲组织。首席调查员G.Hilmar Gudmundsson拥有在南极部署GPS设备的多年经验，并在世界各地的许多冰川地区工作过。这项建议的时间与松岛冰川未来三年的其他计划工程不谋而合，有助我们节省物流成本。