Tempo of post-glacial volcanism in southern Chile

智利南部冰期后火山活动的速度

• 批准号: NE/I013210/1
• 负责人: David Pyle
• 金额: $ 63.02万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI013210%2F1
• 关键词: Tempo; post; glacial; volcanism; southern

The only way to understand what volcanoes might do in the future, is to understand how they have behaved in the past. This project focusses on a large area of southern Chile - one of the most volcanically active regions of the world - in order to try and work out how many times the volcanoes of this area have erupted over the past few thousand years. In this part of Chile, historical records of eruptions only go back to about the early 1800's; and even these are unlikely to be complete. So the only way to find out about older eruptions is look for places where ash and pumice from earlier eruptions is stored: and in Chile, this is mainly in lakes. Many of the volcanoes of southern Chile were covered in ice at the time of the last glaciation (about 20,000 years ago). Many of these mountain glaciers fed long tongues of ice which extended onto the plains in front of (or to the west of) these volcanoes; and as the glaciers retreated, they left behind a series of large, naturally dammed lakes. These lakes have been collecting volcanic ash and other sedimentary rocks for the past 18,000 years. Scientists from Belgium have been collecting long cores of mud from these lakes, and have started to use them to read the records of past climate, and past earthquakes, from the stripy layers of mud. The idea of this new project is to collect the layers of volcanic ash from each of these cores. Then we will try and match them to other examples of the same volcanic ash layer which are either found on land (e.g. near the volcanoes; or in road cuttings; or in peat bogs and marshes; or even in some of the remaining glaciers), or in other lake cores. Once we have started to match the layers (using a combination of factors, such as what they look like and what their composition is), then we will be able to put together a time-map for the region of these major eruptions. At the same time, we will date small samples of carbon (charcoal) to get a better idea of when the eruptions happened. When all of the information is put together, we will have a very detailed record of climate, volcanism and earthquakes in southern Chile, from the end of the last glaciation to the present day. The end result will be that we will be able to see exactly how rates of volcanic activity have changed over the past 18,000 years in southern Chile - and this is what we need, to start to think about how volcanic activity might continue into the future.

要了解火山未来可能会发生什么，唯一的方法就是了解它们在过去的行为。这个项目的重点是智利南部的一大片地区--世界上火山最活跃的地区之一--以试图计算出该地区的火山在过去几千年里喷发了多少次。在智利的这一地区，有关火山喷发的历史记录只能追溯到19世纪初的S；即使是这些记录也不太可能是完整的。因此，了解更古老的喷发的唯一方法是寻找储存早期喷发的火山灰和浮石的地方：在智利，这主要是在湖泊中。智利南部的许多火山在最后一次冰川时期(约2万年前)被冰覆盖。这些山脉中的许多冰川提供了长长的冰舌，这些冰舌延伸到这些火山前面(或以西)的平原上；随着冰川的消退，它们留下了一系列大型的天然堰塞湖。在过去的18,000年里，这些湖泊一直在收集火山灰和其他沉积岩。来自比利时的科学家一直在从这些湖泊中收集长长的泥芯，并开始使用它们从条状的泥层中读取过去气候和过去地震的记录。这个新项目的想法是收集每个岩芯的火山灰层。然后，我们将尝试将它们与在陆地上(例如，火山附近；或在路基中；或在泥炭沼泽和沼泽中；甚至在一些剩余的冰川中)或在其他湖芯中发现的相同火山灰层的其他例子进行匹配。一旦我们开始匹配这些层(使用各种因素的组合，比如它们看起来像什么，它们的成分是什么)，那么我们就能够绘制出这些大喷发区域的时间图。与此同时，我们将测定少量碳(木炭)的年代，以更好地了解火山喷发发生的时间。当所有的信息放在一起时，我们将有一个非常详细的记录，从最后一次冰川末期到现在，智利南部的气候、火山和地震。最终的结果是，我们将能够准确地看到过去18,000年来智利南部火山活动的速度是如何变化的--这就是我们所需要的，开始考虑火山活动可能如何持续到未来。

项目成果

Late Quaternary tephrostratigraphy of southern Chile and Argentina

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.007
• 发表时间: 2014-04-01
• 期刊: QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Fontijn, Karen;Lachowycz, Stefan M.;Moreno-Roa, Hugo
• 通讯作者: Moreno-Roa, Hugo

Synchronisation of sedimentary records using tephra: A postglacial tephrochronological model for the Chilean Lake District

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.015
• 发表时间: 2016-04-01
• 期刊: QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Fontijn, Karen;Rawson, Harriet;Moreno, Hugo
• 通讯作者: Moreno, Hugo

Deposition of the 2011-2012 Cordón Caulle tephra (Chile, 40°S) in lake sediments: Implications for tephrochronology and volcanology Tephra deposition in lake sediments

2011-2012 年 Cordón Caulle 火山灰（智利，南纬 40°）在湖泊沉积物中的沉积：对火山年代学和火山学的影响 湖泊沉积物中的火山灰沉积

• DOI: 10.1002/2014jf003321
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Earth Surface
• 作者: Bertrand S

A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards

• DOI: 10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x
• 发表时间: 2015-07-01
• 期刊: BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Fontijn, Karen;Costa, Fidel;Herrin, Jason S.
• 通讯作者: Herrin, Jason S.

Larger earthquakes recur more periodically: New insights in the megathrust earthquake cycle from lacustrine turbidite records in south-central Chile

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.016
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: J. Moernaut;M. Daele;K. Fontijn;K. Heirman;P. Kempf;Mario Pino;G. Valdebenito;R. Urrutia;M. Strasser;M. Batist